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. 2017 Jul 17;7(4):250. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0875-6

Table 2.

Regulatory genes involved in pleiotropic regulation

Regulatory gene(s) Gene(s) from Product(s) of regulation Function Notes References
a)
afsQ1/afsQ2 S. lividans ACT + Ishizuka et al. (1992)
afsK/afsR S. coelicolor and S. griseus ACT + AfsR is the transcriptional activator of afsS, which can activate
actII-ORF4
Atsushi et al. (1994)
afsR-p/afsS S. peucetius Adriamycin + Parajuli et al. (2005)
cutR/cutS S. coelicolor and S. lividans ACT Chang et al. (1996)
ecrA1/ecrA2 and ecrE2/ecrE1 S. coelicolor RED + Coordinates with the expression of redD Huang et al. (2001)
orfX/orf41 S. avermitilis Avermectin + orfX exerts regulation by itself or by the collaboration of orf41 with orfX Hwang et al. (2003)
phoR/phoP S. coelicolor and S. lividans ACT and RED PhoP belongs to the Ormp family Sola-Landa et al. (2003)
valP/valQ S. hygroscopicus 5008 Validamycin Bai et al. (2006)
absA1/absA2 S. coelicolor CDA, yCPK and albaflavenone Sheeler et al. (2005)
rapR/rapS S. hygroscopicus Rapamycin RapS represses the expression of rapY Yoo et al. (2015)
rapA1/rapA2 S. coelicolor ACT and yCPK + The regulation of RapA1/A2 depends on ActII-ORF4 and KasO Lu et al. (2007)
draK/R S. coelicolor ACT, yCPK and RED ACT: +
RED and yCPK: −
DraR binds to the promoter regions of actII-ORF4 and cpkO Rodríguez et al. (2013)
abrA1/A2 S. coelicolor ACT, CDA and RED Yepes et al. (2011)
SCO0203/0204 S. coelicolor ACT Wang et al. (2009b)
ohkA S. coelicolor ACT, CDA and RED No identified RR matches OhkA Lu et al. (2011)
aur1P S. aureofaciens Auricin + aur1P encodes a protein similar to the RRs Novakova et al. (2005)
farR1 S. lavendulae FRI-5 Nucleoside antibiotics and indigoidine FarR1 is an orphan RR Kitani et al. (2008)
glnR S. coelicolor RED and ACT + GlnR belongs to the OmpR family and indirectly regulates the production of antibiotics in response to changes in nitrogen availability Pullan et al. (2011)
SCO3818 S. coelicolor ACT SCO0203 can phosphosphorylate SCO0204 and SCO3818, and there is a functional correlation between SCO0203 and SCO3818 Wang et al. (2009b)
jadR1/jadR2 S. venezuelae Jadomycin B jadR1: +
jadR2: −
The jadR1 and jadR2 genes represent a novel TCS linking antibiotic synthesis to stress; jadR1 encodes a RR; jadR2 encodes a TetR-like protein, and JadR2 is a pseudo γ-butyrolactone receptor Yang et al. (2001)
abrC1/C2/C3 S. coelicolor ACT, CDA and RED + AbrC1 and AbrC2 are HKs, and AbrC3 is a RR Yepes et al. (2011)
b)
nsdA and nsdB S. coelicolor ACT and CDA Each encodes a protein containing a TPR structure Yu et al. (2006)
tcrA S. coelicolor All secondary metabolites Liu and Yang (2006)
afsR2 S. lividans and S. coelicolor ACT and RED + Lee et al. (2000)
afsB S. lividans and S. coelicolor ACT, methylenomycin, CDA and RED + Horinouchi et al. (1989)
barX S. virginiae Virginiamycin BarX is an AfsA-like protein Bate et al. (1999) and Pulsawat et al. (2007)
farA S. lavendulae Nucleoside antibiotics IM-2 binds to the FarA receptor to regulate the signal transduction of secondary metabolism Kitani et al. (2001)
arpA S. griseus Streptomycin ArpA is an A-factor receptor protein Hong et al. (2007) and Kato et al. (2004)
adpA S. griseus Streptomycin + Encodes an Arac/XylS family protein and has two HTH motifs at the C-terminal Higo et al. (2012), Ohnishi et al. (1999, 2005) and Zhu et al. (2005)
bldD S. coelicolor ACT, indigoidine, CDA and methylenomycin + BldD has a C-terminal domain of unknown function and an N-terminal domain that mediates DNA binding and dimerization Den Hengst et al. (2010)
bldA S. coelicolor ACT + BldA regulates the production of antibiotics by controlling the activator ActII-ORF4 Fernández-Moreno et al. (1991)
crp S. coelicolor ACT, RED and CDA + Crp is a member of the cAMP receptor protein/fumarate-nitrate-reductase family of regulators Gao et al. (2012)
wblA S. coelicolor ACT, RED and CDA WblA is a protein of the WhiB family Kang et al. (2007)
atrA S. coelicolor ACT + AtrA is a TetR-like protein, AtrA positively controls the transcription of actII-ORF4 Li et al. (2015b)
rrdA S. coelicolor RED and ACT RED: −
ACT: +
RrdA belongs to the TetR family, and RrdA negatively regulates RED by controlling the abundance of RedD mRNA Ou et al. (2009)
avaR3 S. avermitilis Avermectin and filipin Avermectin: +; filipin: − AvaR3 is a γ-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor homologue Miyamoto et al. (2011)
cprA S. coelicolor ACT and RED + Encodes an AprA analogue Onaka et al. (1998)
cprB S. coelicolor ACT CprB shows high sequence similarity to CprA Onaka et al. (1998)

+ Represents positive regulation, − represents negative regulation