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. 2017 Jul 17;7:5601. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04963-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative SEM images of the surfaces of (a) untreated cotton seeds and (b,c) cotton seeds treated for 27 min with N₂ plasma. Treatment of seeds with N₂ plasma resulted in thinning of the ridges and the presence of a larger number of thin grooves, which was labeled by arrows. In addition, cracks of width around 2 µm could be observed in red mark area.