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. 2017 Jul 17;7:5562. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05965-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fitted values for the interactive effects of task type and standardized formants F1 (top panel) and F3 (middle panel), and consonant category (bottom panel) on participants’ size and shape ratings, based on the pooled data from Experiments 1 and 2 (Model 3). The shaded bands represent 95% confidence bands, error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Higher F1 leads to higher size ratings, but has little effect on roundness ratings (top). Higher F3 leads to higher ratings of roundness, but not size (middle). Size and shape ratings also are differently affected by several of the consonant groups (bottom).