. 2017 Mar 18;18(4):535–548. doi: 10.1007/s10522-017-9694-8

Table 2.

The inflammatory markers response induced by 12 weeks of Nordic Walking training

	Baseline blood level of vitamin D₃	Baseline mean ± SD	Observed change mean ± SD (%)	Adjusted change^a mean ± SD (%)	Adjusted effect^b
	Baseline blood level of vitamin D₃	Baseline mean ± SD	Observed change mean ± SD (%)	Adjusted change^a mean ± SD (%)	Mean; CI (%)	Inference^c
Irisin (ng mL⁻¹)	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	11 ± 3	−23 ± 60	−19 ± 32	26	Moderate ↑**
Irisin (ng mL⁻¹)	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	10 ± 3	5 ± 55	3 ± 55	−2 to 63	Moderate ↑**
HMGB- 1 (ng mL⁻¹)	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	13 ± 13	116 ± 200	56 ± 160	−42	Moderate ↓**
HMGB- 1 (ng mL⁻¹)	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	27 ± 16	−30 ± 156	−10 ± 132	−71 to 15	Moderate ↓**
IL6 (pg mL⁻¹	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	1.0 ± 0.4	12 ± 59	15 ± 57	−23	Moderate ↓**
IL6 (pg mL⁻¹	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	0.9 ± 0.3	−10 ± 66	−11 ± 47	−44 to 6	Moderate ↓**
IL10 (pg mL⁻¹)	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	0.3 ± 0.2	−11 ± 412	1 ± 141	10	Trivial
IL10 (pg mL⁻¹)	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	0.2 ± 0.1	34 ± 440	11 ± 136	−40 to 101	Trivial
BDNf (ng mL⁻¹)	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	25 ± 9	−2 ± 114	−12 ± 60	−9	Small
BDNf (ng mL⁻¹)	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	28 ± 9	−25 ± 112	−20 ± 90	−37 to 33	Small
Valine (µmol L⁻¹)	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	76 ± 20	11 ± 33	8 ± 27	0	Trivial
Valine (µmol L⁻¹)	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	81 ± 23	6 ± 52	9 ± 36	−16 to 20	Trivial
Leucine (µmol L⁻¹)	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	77 ± 22	37 ± 68	37 ± 37	−20	Moderate ↓**
Leucine (µmol L⁻¹)	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	80 ± 34	9 ± 61	10 ± 53	−38 to 3	Moderate ↓**
Isoleucine (µmol L⁻¹)	Less than 20 ng mL⁻¹	60 ± 21	−26 ± 73	−22 ± 50	15	Small
Isoleucine (µmol L⁻¹)	More than 20 ng mL⁻¹	53 ± 17	−6 ± 53	−10 ± 37	−10 to 46	Small

CI—90% confidence interval. All data are percentages, with the exception of baseline values expressed in measurement units. Inferences shown in bold are clear at the 98% level of confidence

HMGB-1 high mobility group box 1; IL6 interleukin 6; IL10 interleukin 10; BDNf brain-derived neurotrophic factor

^aAdjusted to overall mean of in baseline blood level of vitamin D3 more and less than 20 ng mL^– 1

^bAdjusted mean change in women with baseline blood level of vitamin D3 more than 20 ng mL⁻¹ minus adjusted mean change in women with baseline blood level of vitamin D3 less than 20 ng mL^– 1

^cMagnitude thresholds (for difference in means divided by SD of women with baseline blood level of vitamin D3 more than 20 ng mL⁻¹): < 0.20, trivial; 0.20–0.59, small; 0.60–1.19, moderate; > 1.20, large

↑—Increase; ↓—decrease

Asterisks indicate effects clear at the 5% level and likelihood that the true effect is substantial: **—likely