Table 3.
Results of univariate and multivariate associations between potential risk factors and occurrence of distant metastasis
| Potential Risk Factors | Metastasis − (n = 109) |
Metastasis + (n = 10) |
Univariate Analysis |
Multivariate Analysis |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |||
| Pretreatment PSA Level | 0.181 | - | NS | ||
| <10 ng/mL | 79 (68.1%) | 4 (45.5%) | |||
| ≥10 ng/mL | 37 (31.9%) | 6 (54.6%) | |||
| Age | 0.055 | - | NS | ||
| <70 y | 60 (51.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | |||
| ≥70 y | 56 (48.3%) | 8 (81.8%) | |||
| Tumor Stage | 0.574 | - | NS | ||
| T1b-T1c | 55 (47.4%) | 4 (36.4%) | |||
| T2a | 43 (37.1%) | 5 (45.4%) | |||
| T2b | 11 (9.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | |||
| T2c | 7 (6%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Gleason Score | 0.247 | - | NS | ||
| ≤6 | 16 (13.8%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| 7 (3 + 4) | 22 (18.9%) | 2 (18.2%) | |||
| 7 (4 + 3) | 38 (32.8%) | 2 (18.2% | |||
| ≥8 | 40 (34.5%) | 7 (63.6%) | |||
| % positive biopsy cores | 0.749 | - | NS | ||
| <50% | 76 (65.5%) | 8 (72.7%) | |||
| ≥50% | 40 (34.5%) | 3 (27.3%) | |||
| Perineural Invasiona | 0.005 | 18.2 (1.2-71.5) | 0.003 | ||
| Positive | 68/94 (72.3%) | 2/9 (22.2%) | |||
| Negative | 26/94 (27.7%) | 7/9 (75%) | |||
| Risk Classificationb | 0.035 | 9.1 (1.2-71.5) | 0.035 | ||
| Intermediate 1 NCCN risk factor | 54 (46.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | |||
| Intermediate >1 NCCN risk factor | 17 (14.7%) | 3 (27.3%) | |||
| High-risk | 45 (38.8%) | 7 (63.3%) | |||
| PSA Nadira | 0.005 | 10.9 (2.1-57.7) | 0.005 | ||
| <1 ng/mL | 91/109 (83.5%) | 4/10 (40%) | |||
| ≥1 ng/mL | 18/109 (16.5%) | 6/10 (60%) | |||
| Biochemical Failure | <0.001 | NT | NT | ||
| No | 103 (88.8%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Yes | 13 (11.2%) | 11 (100%) | |||
CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio, NCCN = National Comprehensive Cancer Network; NS = non-significant; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.
a
not available for all patients. Group denominators are shown.
b
Intermediate >1 NCCN risk factor and high-risk patients were analyzed combined.