Fig. 3.

Target vs. Distractor Effects on Retrieval N1. N1 ERPs (left panel) and scalp topographies (right panel) in response to probes at previous target locations (red), previous distractor locations (blue), elsewhere (green). Waveforms are averaged across electrodes PO4 and PO8. For schizophrenia probands (PSZ), N1 responses to probes failed to differentiate whether the location was associated with a target, distractor, or neither at encoding, while N1 responses at retrieval for controls (CTRL) and relatives (REL) groups did differentiate the encoding status of the spatial location. REL alone showed larger N1 amplitudes to distractors compared to targets. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.