Table 3. Univariate associations between echo predictors and 180-day death by diagnosis groups.
| Hypertensive CMP (n = 338) | Valvular (n = 217) | Other (n = 399) | ||||||
| Hazard ratio | Hazard ratio | Hazard ratio | Interaction | |||||
| Echocardiographic parameter | (95% CI) | p-value | (95% CI) | p-value | (95% CI) | p-value | p-value | |
| LVEDD (mm) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.25 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.47 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.12 | 0.17 | |
| LVESD (mm) | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.28 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.32 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.19 | 0.20 | |
| IVSTd (mm) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.34 | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) | 0.80 | 0.91 (0.84–1.00) | 0.041 | 0.50 | |
| PWTd (mm) | ||||||||
| ≤ 9 mm | 0.58 (0.42–0.80) | 0.0011 | 0.79 (0.57–1.10) | 0.32 | 0.82 (0.67–1.00) | 0.072 | 0.30 | |
| > 9 mm | 1.73 (1.16–2.59) | 0.0011 | 1.38 (0.91– 2.11) | 0.32 | 1.19 (0.88–1.62) | 0.072 | 0.30 | |
| LV mass | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.097 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.85 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.62 | 0.36 | |
| LVEF (%), per 5% increment | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.99 | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.36 | 0.93 (0.86–1.02) | 0.11 | 0.59 | |
| Left atrial size (A-P) (mm) | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) | 0.52 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.79 | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.63 | 0.79 | |
| Left atrial size (planimetry) mm2 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.70 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.78 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.34 | 0.72 | |
| E/A ratio, per doubling | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | 0.89 | 2.07 (1.01–4.26) | 0.049 | 1.13 (0.86–1.49) | 0.38 | 0.21 | |
| E-wave deceleration time (ms) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.23 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.42 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.15 | 0.68 | |
| MV A-wave duration | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.63 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.12 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.47 | 0.26 | |
| MV E/A ratio grades | ||||||||
| Grade 1: impaired relaxation | (reference group) | (reference group) | (reference group) | |||||
| Grade 2: pseudonormal | 1.63 (0.67–3.98) | 0.50 | 0.82 (0.07–8.99) | 0.14 | 2.71 (0.91–8.04) | 0.20 | 0.27 | |
| Grade 3: restrictive filling | 1.14 (0.50–2.61) | 3.01 (0.40–22.68) | 2.16 (0.76–6.15) | |||||
LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; IVSTd, interventricular septal thickness in diastole; PWTd, posterior wall thickness in diastole; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; A-P, antero-posterior; MV, mitral valve.
Heart rates are for an increment of one unit in the predictor unless otherwise noted. Valvular group defined as rheumatic heart disease or having severe mitral stenosis/regurgitation, aortic stenosis/regurgitation.