Table 5. Univariate associations between echo predictors and 180-day mortality.

Echocardiographic parameter	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Heart rate
≤ 80 bpm, per change of 5	0.90 (0.76–1.06)	0.0001
> 80 bpm, per change of 5	1.25 (1.03–1.52)
LVEDD (mm)	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.39
LVESD (mm)	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.38
IVSTd (mm)	0.94 (0.89–0.99)	0.025
PWTd (mm)
≤ 9 mm	0.77 (0.67–0.89)	0.0009
> 9 mm	1.32 (1.08–1.61)
LV mass	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.22
LVEF (%), per 5% increment	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	0.12
Left atrial size (A-P) (mm)	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	0.64
Left atrial size (planimetry) mm2	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.50
E/A ratio, per doubling	1.13 (0.92–1.39)	0.23
E-wave deceleration time (ms)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.07
MV A-wave duration	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.61
MV E/A ratio grades
Grade 1: impaired relaxation	(reference group)
Grade 2: pseudonormal	1.77 (0.92–3.38)	0.19
Grade 3: restrictive filling	1.67 (0.92–3.03)
Aortic stenosis
None, mild	(reference group)	0.039
Moderate	3.60 (1.33– 9.74)
Severe	0.83 (0.21–3.36)
Aortic regurgitation
None, mild	(reference group)	0.096
Moderate	0.93 (0.46–1.90)
Severe	2.30 (1.07–4.92)
Mitral stenosis
None, mild	(reference group)	0.89
Moderate	0.99 (0.31–3.10)
Severe	0.79(0.29-2.12)
Mitral regurgitation
None, mild	(reference group)	0.87
Moderate	0.92 (0.62–1.34)
Severe	1.05 (0.63–1.74)
Tricuspid regurgitation
None, mild	(reference group)	0.53
Moderate	1.26 (0.85–1.86)
Severe	1.04 (0.57–1.89)

LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; IVSTd, interventricular septal thickness in diastole; PWTd, posterior wall thickness in diastole; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; A-P, antero-posterior; MV, mitral valve. Heart rates are for an increment of one unit in the predictor unless otherwise noted.