Fig. 3.

Reproductive experience suppresses global cytokine production in the maternal brain. Protein concentrations of several chemokines (RANTES, KC, CCL2), cytokines (IL-6, 12p40, IL-13, IL-17A), and growth factors (bFGF, GM-CSF, VEGF) are diminished or altered in the healthy maternal brain compared with their virgin counterparts. Total levels of the angiogenic factor, VEGF, were significantly elevated in the brain of multiparous mice. For all experiments, n = 6–7 per group. Error bars show mean SEM. *P < 0.05.