Basic response properties of simulated afferents. (A) Measured responses of an SA1 afferent to ramp-and-hold indentations at different depths (from ref. 75) and simulated responses of an SA1 fiber to those same stimuli. (B) Measured responses of an RA afferent to ramps at different speeds (from ref. 26) and simulated responses of an RA fiber to the same stimuli. In A and B, Top shows the indentation depth of the probe over time, Middle shows actual responses of afferents recorded in humans, and Bottom shows the responses of simulated afferents. (C) RF sizes (black, median; error bars, 25th and 75th percentiles) measured for SA1, RA, and PC afferents (27). (D) RF sizes of simulated afferents when stimulated and estimated in the same way as in C. The models exhibit the property that RA fibers tend to have larger RFs than SA1 fibers and that PC fibers have by far the largest RFs. (E, G, and I) Measured absolute (black) and tuning (red) thresholds for (E) SA1, (G) RA, and (I) PC afferents at different frequencies (76). (F, H, and J) Modeled absolute (black) and tuning (red) thresholds, corresponding to data shown in E, G, and I.