Fig. S1.

Effect of the blade angle. Snapshots of the cells cut by a knife with a blade angle of (A) θ = 6°, (B) θ = 40°, and (C) θ = 122°, respectively. (D) The normalized maximum extension length ${\epsilon }_{max}$ of the cell fragment tended to increase with increasing blade angle. The marker represents the mean of at least three cells cut, and the height of the error bar represents one SD from the mean. (E) Cell survival rate decreased with increasing blade angle. Each marker represents the mean of survival rate of 12 cells cut, and the height of the error bar represents one SD from the mean. The dashed lines in both D and E are guides to the eye only.