Table 1. Patient demographics and baseline characteristics.
| Category | N = 177 | |
|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 102 | (57.6) |
| Female | 75 | (42.4) |
| Age (years) | ||
| Median (range) | 71 (48–86) | |
| ≥ 75 years | 39 | (22.0) |
| Type of myeloma | ||
| IgG | 108 | (61.0) |
| IgA | 43 | (24.3) |
| IgM | 2 | (1.1) |
| Light chain | 20 | (11.3) |
| Non-secretory | 4 | (2.3) |
| Stage - Durie–Salmon Staging System | ||
| I | 13 | (7.3) |
| II | 51 | (28.8) |
| III | 113 | (63.8) |
| Stage - International Staging System | ||
| I | 22 | (12.6) |
| II | 70 | (40.0) |
| III | 83 | (47.4) |
| Skeletal lesions | ||
| 0 | 33 | (18.6) |
| 1–2 | 44 | (24.9) |
| ≥ 3 | 80 | (45.2) |
| Unknown | 20 | (11.3) |
| ECOG-PS | ||
| 0 | 11 | (6.2) |
| 1 | 104 | (58.8) |
| 2 | 42 | (23.7) |
| 3 | 19 | (10.7) |
| 4 | 1 | (0.6) |
| Serum β2-microglobulin (mg/L) | ||
| Median (range) | 5.3 (0–35.3) | |
| < 2.5 | 17 | (9.7) |
| 2.5–5.5 | 75 | (42.9) |
| > 5.5 | 83 | (47.4) |
| Albumin (g/dL) | ||
| Median (range) | 3.3 (1.0–5.1) | |
| < 3.5 | 107 | (61.1) |
| ≥ 3.5 | 68 | (38.9) |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | ||
| Median (range) | 43.6 (5.8–106.6) | |
| < 60 | 129 | (73.7) |
| ≥ 60 | 46 | (26.3) |
| Comorbidity | ||
| No | 40 | (22.6) |
| Yesb | 137 | (77.4) |
| Allergy | 1 | (0.6) |
| Renal impairment | 31 | (17.5) |
| Hepatic impairment | 5 | (2.8) |
| Others | 129 | (72.9) |
| Cytogenetics abnormality category | ||
| Standard risk | 121 | (68.4) |
| High riska | 24 | (13.6) |
| Deletion 13 by karyotypeb | 17 | (9.6) |
| Deletion 17p by FISHb | 7 | (4.0) |
| t(4:14) by FISHb | 6 | (3.4) |
| t(14:16) by FISHb | 4 | (2.3) |
| Hypodiploidy by karyotypeb | 2 | (1.1) |
| Test not done | 32 | (18.1) |
a High risk cytogenetics: deletion 13 by karyotype, deletion 17p by FISH/karyotype, t(4;14), t(14;16), and hypodiploidy.
b Multiple counting.
FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization.