Table 4.

Differences in Cytokine and mRNA Levels Between Patients and Controls After Controlling for Confounders

	Plasma Cohort (soluble cytokine)			Leukocyte Cohort (mRNA)			Brain Cohort (mRNA)
	n	β	t	n	β	t	t	Fold change	FDR
Patients vs HC
TNFR1	1003	0.14	4.47***	472	0.05	1.11
TNFR2	1000	0.10	2.94**	315	0.11	1.56
TNF	459	0.17	3.48**	564	−0.16	−3.91***
ADAM17	1415	—	−2.08*	428	0.16	3.15**
TNF/sTNFRs ratio	455	0.20	4.07***
SCZ vs HC
TNFR1	748	0.15	3.82***	309	0.01	0.15	0.79	1.02	0.84
TNFR2	828	0.09	2.56*	239	0.14	1.71	−0.40	0.99	0.92
TNF	319	0.16	2.38*	323	−0.18	−3.02**	−0.04	1.00	0.99
ADAM17	744	—	−2.93**	323	0.02	0.28	−0.33	0.99	0.95
TNF/sTNFRs ratio	317	0.16	2.48*
BD vs HC
TNFR1	479	0.17	3.50**	264	0.05	0.81	−0.61	0.99	0.77
TNFR2	516	0.15	3.42**	234	0.04	0.57	−0.01	1.0	0.99
TNF	189	0.19	2.61**	326	—	−2.56*	0.64	1.01	0.76
ADAM17	315	−0.03	−0.48	222	0.40	5.92***	1.62	1.05	0.39
TNF/sTNFRs ratio	195	0.22	2.72**
BD vs SCZ
TNFR1	478	−0.07	−1.46	367	0.06	1.12
TNFR2	696	−0.06	−1.54	367	−0.07	−1.25
TNF	347	−0.07	−1.28	366	0.01	0.11
ADAM17	510	0.06	1.42	366	0.39	8.03***
TNF/sTNFRs ratio	344	−0.02	−0.39

Note: SCZ, schizophrenia; BD, bipolar disorder; HC, healthy control; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; sTNFR1, soluble TNF receptor 1; sTNFR2, soluble TNF receptor 2; ADAM17, a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 protein; TNF/sTNFRs ratio, TNF/(sTNFR1 + sTNFR2).

The brain cohort: n(HC) = 86, n(SCZ) = 79, n(BD) = 44.

Results are given as t values from linear regression analyses after controlling for confounding factors.

*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.