Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| TOP | KaSP | HUBIN | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SZ | HC | SZ | HC | SZ | HC | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| N | 96 | 277 | 52 | 30 | 34 | 41 |
| Age, y | 28.7 (7.9) | 31.9 (7.6)a | 30 (8.6) | 27.3 (5.8) | 51.4 (8.2) | 54.4 (8.9) |
| Sex, n (% male) | 62 (64.6) | 164 (59.2) | 33 (63.5) | 15 (50) | 27 (79.4) | 26 (63.4) |
| Education, y | 12.6 (2.4) | 14.5 (2.1)a | — | — | 12.7 (2.2) | 14.6 (2.8)a |
| IQb | 99.3 (15.4) | 112.6 (10.7)a | — | — | 92.3 (16.3) | 106.2 (14.3)a |
| Duration of illness, y | 5.8 (0.7) | — | 1.34 (1.7) | — | 28 (8.5) | — |
| Symptom rating | ||||||
| PANSS total | 58.2 (13.6) | — | 74.4 (20.7) | — | — | — |
| PANSS positive | 13.5 (5) | — | 18.8 (6.1) | — | — | — |
| PANSS negative | 14.9 (4.9) | — | 17.4 (7.3) | — | — | — |
| SANS | — | — | — | — | 29.3 (14.9) | — |
| SAPS | — | — | — | — | 8.8 (7.5) | — |
| Antipsychotics DDD | 1.31 (1.2) | — | 1.11 (.7) | — | 1.26 (.8) | — |
Note: DDD, defined daily dose; IQ, intelligence quotient; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SAPS, Scale for Assessment for Positive Symptoms; SANS, Scale for Assessment for Negative Symptoms. Means (SDs) are reported unless otherwise specified. At the time of investigation, the number of unmedicated patients was 6 schizophrenia (SZ) patients in the TOP sample, and 29 in the KaSP sample. Number of missing data TOP: Education: 20 SZ, 37 controls; IQ: 17 SZ, 36 controls; duration of illness: 15 SZ; PANSS: 11 SZ; medication: 25 SZ. Missing data KaSP: duration of illness: 9 SZ; PANSS: 2 SZ, medication: 4 SZ. Missing data HUBIN: IQ: 10 SZ, 13 controls; medication: 4 SZ.
aSignificant difference between the means of patients and controls within each sample.
bIQ was measured using Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.