Table 3.

Regression coefficients for former or current smokers compared with never smokers

Variable	Former versus never		Current versus never
	Regression coefficient	p	Regression coefficient	p
Left ventricular structure and function
LVEDV, mL	3.09	0.09	4.74	0.0088
LVESV, mL	2.077	0.016	3.79	0.0008
LVEF, %	−0.9	0.010	−0.166	0.013
LVM, g	10.17	0.009	6.41	0.09
RVAd, cm2	0.88	0.003	0.63	0.06
RWT	0.007	0.34	−0.011	0.11
E/e′	−0.21	0.38	−0.67	0.008
Right ventricular structure and function
RVFAC	−0.01	0.30	−0.02	0.03
TAPSE, cm	−0.02	0.51	−0.07	0.08
RV peak S velocity, cm/s	0.02	0.92	−0.65	0.009
RVOT VTI, cm	−0.8	0.005	−1.15	0.0002
RVSV, mL	−1.03	0.51	−3.65	0.02
TR max peak gradient, mm Hg	−0.22	0.67	−2.06	0.0003
TR max velocity, cm/s	−1.57	0.63	−13.4	0.0003

Bold denotes statistically significant associations (p≤0.01)

E/e′, transmitral E velocity to mitral annulus e′ velocity; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVM, left ventricular mass; RVAd, right ventricular area at diastole; RVFAC, right ventricular fractional area change; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; RVSV, right ventricular stroke volume; RWT, relative wall thickness; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgutation; VTI, velocity time integral.