Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to tertile of 24-h urinary sodium excretion among Iranian children and adolescents aged 11-18 years, Isfahan, Iran
| Characteristics | Tertile of Na excretion (mg/d) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 < 1750 |
T2 1750-3420 |
T3 > 3420 |
P* | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Participants (n) | 128 | 129 | 117 | |
| Age (year) | 14.4 ± 2.02 | 14.3 ± 2.22 | 14.6 ± 2.09 | 0.720 |
| Sex [n (%)] | 128.0 ± 34.20 | 129.0 ± 34.50 | 117.0 ± 31.30 | 0.050 |
| Boy | 42.0 ± 27.30 | 57.0 ± 37.00 | 55.0 ± 35.70 | |
| Girl | 86.0 ± 39.10 | 72.0 ± 32.70 | 62.0 ± 28.20 | |
| Na excretion (mg/d) | 1230.0 ± 350.00 | 2540.0 ± 480.00 | 5860.0 ± 1810.00 | < 0.001 |
| Cr excretion (mmol/kg/d) | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 |
| Urine output (ml/d) | 610.0 ± 140.00 | 870.0 ± 190.00 | 1320.0 ± 3.00 | < 0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1567.0 ± 252.00 | 1655.0 ± 258.00 | 1821.0 ± 338.00 | < 0.001 |
| SSBs** (g/d) | 39.8 ± 33.10 | 40.9 ± 42.60 | 51.2 ± 48.30 | 0.070 |
| Physical activity£ [n (%)] | 128.0 ± 34.20 | 129.0 ± 34.50 | 117.0 ± 31.30 | 0.010 |
| Low | 42.0 ± 30.90 | 39.0 ± 28.70 | 55.0 ± 40.40 | |
| Moderate | 86.0 ± 31.60 | 90.0 ±37.80 | 62.0 ± 26.10 | |
| High | None | None | None | |
T: Tertile; SD: Standard deviation
*
P-value (obtained from ANOVA for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables);
**
Sugar-sweetened beverages included carbonated soft drinks, soda, squashes and fruit drinks;
£
Physical activity was calculated using the physical activity questionnaire, score of 1 indicates low physical activity, score of 2-4 indicates moderate physical activity and score of 5 indicates high physical activity