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. 2015 Sep 23;1:15016. doi: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2015.16

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Copyright © 2015 Nanyang Technological University/Macmillan Publishers Limited

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(a) Results of total biomass quantification using the crystal violet staining method. (b) Linear fit of the total biomass for the different energies provided during BE treatment. Plots show the OD at 540 nm after staining the treated biofilms with CV. Results show that the SP-BE shows a 71% reduction in bacterial biomass as compared with the untreated control (analysis of variance P<0.05). The SP-BE, which has higher energy as compared with the AC-BE or DC-BE is also more effective in treating biofilms. The data presented are the average OD₅₄₀ and the error bars represent the standard deviation over repeated experiments (N=6 in each experiment). AC, alternating current; BE, bioelectric effect; DC, direct current; OD, optical density; SP, superpositioned field.