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. 2015 Sep 23;1:15016. doi: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2015.16

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Copyright © 2015 Nanyang Technological University/Macmillan Publishers Limited

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(a) Table summarizing the magnitude of AC voltage used to test the effect of increasing energies of the same type of signal on BE treatment efficacy to treat mature E. coli biofilms. (b) Plot showing the linear relationship between the total biomass of the biofilms as measured using CV staining method and the voltage or energy of the electrical signal applied. The error bars represent the standard deviation across the repeats (N=5 repeats) for each experiment. AC, alternating current; BE, bioelectric effect; CV, crystal violet.