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. 2016 Jan 27;2:15027. doi: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2015.27

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Copyright © 2016 Nanyang Technological University/Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Surfactin and the cannibalism toxins inhibit B. simplex growth and biofilm formation at concentrations inert to B. subtilis itself and show synergistic cooperation. Growth curves of B. simplex or B. subtilis in liquid MSgg biofilm-inducing medium grown in 96-well plates, with shaking, at 30 °C. (a) Growth curves of B. simplex. Media supplemented with ×1.25 or ×2.5 B. subtilis supernatant protein fractions derived from WT or ΔsdpCΔskfA mutant strain cultures, enriched using a 3 kDa Centricon. n=6 wells, error bars represent s.d. (b) Growth curves of B. simplex and B. subtilis. Media supplemented with ×2.5 or ×5 B. subtilis supernatant protein fractions, enriched using a 3 kDa centricon. n=6 wells, Error bars represent the s.d. (c) Growth curves of B. simplex and B. subtilis. Media supplemented with ×2 or ×4 B. subtilis supernatant surfactin fraction. n=6 wells, Error bars represent the s.d. (d) Growth curves of B. simplex. Media supplemented with: (i) sub-toxic concentrations of ×0.31 B. subtilis supernatant protein fractions, enriched using a 3 KDa Centricon, (ii) ×0.1 B. subtilis supernatant fraction eluted in 100% methanol, or (iii) a combination of both of these fractions. n=6 wells, Error bars represent the s.d. (e) Biofilm formation of B. simplex grown for 2 days on biofilm-inducing medium plates: (i) untreated, (ii) treated with ×0.625 B. subtilis active protein fraction, (iii) treated with ×0.5 B. subtilis supernatant fraction eluted with 100% methanol and (iv) treated with a combination of both fractions. Scale bar represents 2 mm.