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. 2016 Jul 6;2:16009. doi: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2016.9

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Copyright © 2016 Published in partnership with Nanyang Technological University

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Effect of E. hallii treatment on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA’s) and bile acids. Male db/db mice (n=7–10 per group) were daily treated with active or heat-inactivated E. hallii (10⁸ CFU) for 4 weeks. Figures depict (a) faecal SCFA levels, (b) plasma primary and secondary bile acids and plasma bile acid composition, (c) faecal primary and secondary bile acids and plasma bile acid composition, (d) hepatic and (e) intestinal (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism and transport. Data are mean±s.d. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test *P<0.05; **P<0.01.