Fig. 2.

Genomic structures of radish Rubisco small subunit (RsRBCS) genes. The three exons are indicated by white boxes. Forward and reverse primers labeled with dye (indicated by black arrows) were designed to amplify approximately 1000–1300 bp PCR products for TILLING analysis. The locations of the detected mutations induced by EMS treatment are indicated by black arrowheads. Asterisks above the black arrowheads indicate effective missense mutations inducing amino acid substitutions. White arrowheads indicate nucleotide insertions or deletions, which are likely natural mutations. Gray arrowheads indicate problematic conserved mutations in the radish (‘Comet’) and R. sativus family, e.g., ‘Daikon’. RsRBCS1B is a pseudogene with a specific frame-shift site and stop codon.