Table 19:

Clinical Event Costs Used in the Economic Model

Variable	Unit Cost ($, 2016)	Standard Deviation	Source
Initial Hospitalization Costs
Ischemic stroke
Fatal	18,285	3,657	Goeree et al, 200554
Major	89,013	17,802	Goeree et al, 200554
Moderate	27,666	5,533	Goeree et al, 200554
Minor	7,966	1,593	Goeree et al, 200554
Systemic embolism	11,171	2,234	Ontario Case Costing Initiative73
Transient ischemic attack	1,852	370	Goeree et al, 200554
Hemorrhagic stroke
Fatal	9,333	1,867	Goeree et al, 200554
Major	53,656	10,731	Goeree et al, 200554
Moderate	19,778	3,956	Goeree et al, 200554
Minor	7,966	1,593	Goeree et al, 200554
Major bleed	6,424	1,284	Comay et al, 200277
Minor bleed	77a	–	Schedule of Benefits72
Myocardial infarction
Fatal	6,667b	7,766	Brennan et al, 201476
Nonfatal	16,462	19,174	Cohen et al, 201475
Monthly Ongoing Follow-Up Costs
Ischemic stroke
Major (year 1)	13,477	2,695	Goeree et al, 200554
Major (post–year 1)	3,504	701	Goeree et al, 200554
Moderate (year 1)	4,189	838	Goeree et al, 200554
Moderate (post–year 1)	1,089	218	Goeree et al, 200554
Minor (year 1)	1,206	241	Goeree et al, 200554
Minor (post–year 1)	314	63	Goeree et al, 200554
Transient ischemic attack (year 1)	1,488	298	Goeree et al, 200554
Hemorrhagic stroke
Major (year 1)	14,969	2,994	Goeree et al, 200554
Major (post–year 1)	3,892	778	Goeree et al, 200554
Moderate (year 1)	5,518	1,104	Goeree et al, 200554
Moderate (post–year 1)	1,435	287	Goeree et al, 200554
Minor (year 1)	1,206	241	Goeree et al, 200554
Minor (post–year 1)	314	63	Goeree et al, 200554
Myocardial infarction (year 1)	516	350	Cohen et al, 201475
Myocardial infarction (years 2–3)	129	111	Cohen et al, 201475

^aAssume that a minor bleed results in one physician visit.

^bAssume that the cost of a fatal myocardial infarction is 40% that of a nonfatal myocardial infarction (derived from relative costs from five Canadian studies).⁷⁶