Table 1.

Characteristics of patients hospitalized for asthma and independent factors associated with receipt of antibiotic treatment.

	Included patients, %	Patients receiving antibiotics on day 1, %	p-value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Overall	N=51951	41
Age			<0.01
<40	25	35		0.8 (0.7–0.8)
40–65	53	42		0.9 (0.9–1.0)
>65	22	46		ref
Gender			<0.01
Female	70	41		–
Male	30	40	–
Race/Ethnicity			<0.01
White	46	46		ref
Black	30	36		0.8 (0.7–0.8)
Hispanic	10	39		0.9 (0.9–1.0)
Other	14	36		0.9 (0.9–1.0)
Marital Status			<0.01
Married	29	44		–
Single	58	40		–
Other/Missing	13	37		–
Insurance			<0.01
Medicare	35	45		–
Medicaid	24	38		–
Private	24	40		–
Uninsured	13	38		–
Other/Unknown	3	36		–
Comorbidities
Hypertension	53	43	<0.01	–
Diabetes	28	43	<0.01	–
Obesity	28	43	<0.01	1.1 (1.0–1.1)
Fluid and electrolyte disorders	20	43	<0.01	1.1 (1.0–1.1)
Chronic pulmonary disease	13	42	0.02	–
Depression	15	44	<0.01	–
Congestive heart failure	13	41	0.48	0.8 (0.8–0.9)
Deficiency anemias	10	40	0.24	0.9 (0.9–1.0)
Renal failure	7	40	0.15	0.9 (0.8–0.9)
Receipt of mechanical ventilation
Yes	13	42	0.06	–
No	87	41		–
Chronic obstructive asthma (493.2x)			<0.01
No	62	36		ref
Yes	38	49		1.6 (1.5–1.7)
Hospital Characteristics
Bed Size			<0.01
Small, <200	19	48	–
Medium, 200–400	38	43		–
Large, >400	43	36		–
Region			<0.01
South	10	43		ref
Midwest	23	40		0.8 (0.7–1.0)
Northeast	20	32		0.6 (0.5–0.7)
West	48	45		0.8 (0.6–0.9)
Rural/Urban Status			<0.01
Urban	89	40		–
Rural	11	50	–
Teaching Status			<0.01
Non-Teaching	58	46		ref
Teaching	42	34		0.7 (0.6–0.8)