Table 5. Fasting blood lipids and insulin sensitivity indices.
| SUPP | CON | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6wk | 19wk | Baseline | 6wk | 19wk | |
| Total-c (mM)1 | 4.69 ± 0.22a | 4.34 ± 0.23b | 4.56 ± 0.30a,b | 4.83 ± 0.19a,b | 4.86 ± 0.19a | 4.73 ± 0.19b |
| LDL-c (mM) | 2.74 ± 0.21 | 2.63 ± 0.19 | 2.77 ± 0.25 | 2.87 ± 0.18 | 2.87 ± 0.20 | 2.85 ± 0.19 |
| HDL-c (mM) | 1.27 ± 0.06 | 1.27 ± 0.08 | 1.28 ± 0.09 | 1.29 ± 0.06 | 1.29 ± 0.06 | 1.26 ± 0.07 |
| TG (mM)1 | 1.49 ± 0.19a | 0.97 ± 0.09b* | 1.10 ± 0.14b | 1.50 ± 0.21a | 1.52 ± 0.18a | 1.35 ± 0.16a |
| Glucose AUC (mM•120min)2 | 915 ± 16a | 890 ± 10a | 842 ± 14b | 886 ± 11a | 899 ± 12a | 869 ± 13b |
| Mean plasma glucose (mM)1 | 7.2 ± 0.1a | 7.0 ± 0.1a,b | 6.7 ± 0.1b | 7.0 ± 0.1a | 7.1 ± 0.1a | 6.9 ± 0.1a |
| Plasma glucose Cmax (mM)1 | 9.6 ± 0.3a | 9.1 ± 0.2a,b | 8.5 ± 0.2b | 8.9 ± 0.2a | 9.1 ± 0.2a | 9.1 ± 0.2a |
| Insulin AUC (μIU/mL•120min)2 | 4080 ± 65a | 3950 ± 77a | 3533 ± 62b | 4060 ± 69a | 3951 ± 92a | 3397 ± 68b |
| HOMA-IR2 | 2.1 ± 0.1a | 2.1 ± 0.1a | 1.7 ± 0.1b | 2.2 ± 0.1a | 2.0 ± 0.1a | 1.7 ± 0.1b |
| Matsuda Index2 | 5.1 ± 0.7a | 5.3 ± 0.6a | 6.4 ± 0.8b | 5.1 ± 0.6a | 5.4 ± 0.8a | 6.4 ± 0.8b |
Values are mean ± SEM and were analyzed using a linear mixed model with group (SUPP or CON), time (prior to study entry, and weeks 6 and 19), and the group-by-time interaction as fixed factors; subject as a random factor; and baseline values as covariates. For each outcome, different superscript letters represent significant differences over time within each group. Significance accepted as P < 0.05. SUPP, supplement group (n = 25); CON, control group (n = 24); Total-c, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; Cmax, maximum concentration; AUC, area under the curve; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
1Group-by-time interaction (P < 0.05).
2Main effect for time (P < 0.01).
*Represents a significant difference from CON at that time point.