Table 1. Reproducible gene expression changes of myosin, paramyosin, unc-87, and dim-1 are induced by spaceflight.

Gene name	Description	CERISE (current experiment)		ICE-First (previous experiment)
		Expression change log2[μG/1 G]	t-test P-value	Expression change log2 [μG/1 G]	t-test P-value
myo-3	Myosin heavy chain A	−0.89	0.00	−0.34	0.00
unc-54	Myosin heavy chain B	−0.49	0.01	−0.45	0.01
unc-15	Paramyosin	−0.62	0.01	−0.33	0.04
unc-87	Maintain the myofilament structure	−0.25	0.05	−0.34	0.00
dim-1	Required for muscle assembly	−0.11	0.03	−0.53	0.00

Abbreviations: CERISE, C. elegans RNA Interference in Space Experiment; ICE-First, the first International C. elegans Experiment in Space.

CERISE and ICE-First experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2004, respectively. The worms were synchronously cultivated in a bacterial diet for 4 days from L1 larvae in CERISE. Adult worms frozen on ISS were used for the microarray analysis. In ICE-First, the worms were non-synchronously cultivated in a chemically defined diet for 10 days. Mixed stage worms frozen within 30 min of Soyuz landing were used for the analysis. Microarray analysis was performed in triplicate (n=3).