Table 1. Differentially regulated genes in astronaut blood in response to spaceflight.
| Gene | Name/description | Ratio post/pre | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Downregulated genes | |||
| HSP27 | 27 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP27); stress-responsive protein 27 (SRP27); estrogen-regulated 24 kDa protein; heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) | 0.44 | 0.045 |
| BAG-1 | BCL-2-binding athanogene-1; glucocorticoid receptor-associated protein RAP46 | 0.37 | 0.015 |
| XRCC1 | DNA repair protein – X-ray repair cross-complementing factor 1 | 0.45 | 0.044 |
| HSP90AB1 | 90 kDa heat-shock protein-β; 84 kDa heat-shock protein-β (HSP84); heat shock protein 90 class B (HSPCB) | 0.41 | 0.023 |
| GPX1 | Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX1; GPX1) | 0.52 | 0.041 |
| HHR23A | UV excision repair protein—human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD23A | 0.53 | 0.003a |
| FAP48 | 48 kDa FK506 Binding Protein (FKPB)-associated protein | 0.55 | 0.022b |
|
Upregulated genes | |||
| C-FOS | c-Fos proto-oncogene | 3.11 | 0.021 |
Abbreviation: UV, ultraviolet.
a
An outlier was identified for the pre-flight mean. Excluding this outlier yielded a significant P value. Inclusion of outlier yielded a P value of 0.105.
b
An outlier was identified for the pre-flight and post-flight means. Excluding outliers yielded a significant P value. Inclusion of outliers yielded a P value of 0.111.