Extended Data Table 3.

f-statistics for populations on the Oceanian cline. Standard error (SE) is shown for F_ST between each Test population and Lapita_Vanuatu. The Z-score is given for the statistic f₃(Lapita_Vanuatu, Australian; Test), where Z < 3 provides significant evidence that the Test is admixed between sources related to Lapita_Vanuatu and Australians.

	FST(Lapita_Vanuatu, Test)		f3(Lapita_Vanuatu, Australian; Test)
Test population	Estimate	SE	Estimate	Z-score
Baining Malasait	0.263	0.005	0.143	38.4
Baining_Marabu	0.249	0.004	0.115	40.1
Papuan	0.225	0.004	0.066	33.3
Kol_New_Britain	0.216	0.006	0.086	16.7
Mamusi	0.204	0.004	0.059	26.5
Ata	0.197	0.004	0.050	21.6
Nakanai_Loso	0.194	0.004	0.055	21.9
Mamusi_Paleabu	0.187	0.004	0.040	17.8
Santa_Cruz	0.185	0.004	0.021	10.7
Nasioi	0.178	0.004	0.028	14.7
Bougainville_South	0.176	0.006	0.034	8.1
Sulka	0.174	0.004	0.022	13.1
Mengen	0.168	0.004	0.017	9.1
Tolai	0.163	0.004	0.009	5.6
Kuot_Kabil	0.162	0.004	0.014	7.7
Lavongai	0.160	0.004	0.009	5.2
Kuot_Lamalaua	0.160	0.004	0.008	4.3
Nakanai_Bileki	0.153	0.004	0.013	7.0
Melamela	0.152	0.004	0.010	5.1
Madak	0.151	0.004	0.003	1.8
Papuan_Gulf	0.151	0.005	0.002	0.7
Kove	0.150	0.004	0.013	7.4
Mangseng	0.145	0.004	0.003	1.7
Nailik	0.145	0.004	0.000	−0.1
Teop	0.144	0.004	0.005	2.8
Notsi	0.144	0.004	−0.002	−1.4
Manus	0.141	0.006	−0.005	−1.4
Tigak	0.141	0.004	0.002	1.2
Mussau	0.132	0.004	−0.005	−3.3
Choiseul	0.123	0.004	−0.007	−3.7
Saposa	0.122	0.004	−0.011	−6.5
Buka	0.118	0.004	−0.016	−9.9
Vella_Lavella	0.112	0.004	−0.016	−8.6
Ranongga	0.110	0.004	−0.015	−8.2
Savo	0.109	0.004	−0.020	−12.1
Russell	0.108	0.005	−0.017	−6.8
Kolombangara	0.108	0.004	−0.015	−8.0
RenBel	0.106	0.004	0.035	14.0
Gela	0.103	0.004	−0.024	−14.3
Makira	0.101	0.004	−0.024	−16.1
Malaita	0.096	0.004	−0.025	−15.5
Papuan_Central	0.094	0.004	−0.031	−18.2
Bajo	0.082	0.004	0.022	12.8
Isabel	0.079	0.004	−0.024	−15.9
Tikopia	0.077	0.004	−0.003	−1.3
Ontong_Java	0.069	0.004	−0.018	−10.4
Tongan	0.053	0.004	−0.018	−9.9