Extended Data Table 4.
Ancestry estimates for populations on the Oceanian cline.“Auto.” gives the estimate on the autosomes (chromosomes 1–22). “Diff” gives the difference between the autosome and X chromosome estimates.
| Test | First Remote Oceanian ancestry estimate | Anc. contrib. (method of moments) | Two source model | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auto. | SE | chrX | SE | Diff. | SE | Z | Male | SE | Female | SE | P-value | |
| Tongan | 69.8% | 1.0% | 104.1% | 8.9% | −34.3% | 9.0% | −3.8 | −33.1% | 27.0% | 172.7% | 22.0% | 0.22 |
| Rennel & Bellona | 68.9% | 1.2% | 92.1% | 7.3% | −23.2% | 7.4% | −3.1 | −0.7% | 22.4% | 138.5% | 32.8% | 0.89 |
| Tikopia | 65.8% | 1.0% | 93.9% | 10.9% | −28.1% | 10.9% | −2.6 | −18.5% | 32.9% | 150.1% | 39.9% | 0.58 |
| Ontong_Java | 61.9% | 0.9% | 78.4% | 13.3% | −16.5% | 13.3% | −1.2 | 12.4% | 40.1% | 111.4% | 12.7% | 0.83 |
| Santa Isabel | 52.9% | 0.9% | 60.5% | 4.2% | −7.6% | 4.3% | −1.8 | 30.1% | 13.1% | 75.7% | 14.2% | 0.87 |
| Papuan_Central | 42.5% | 0.9% | 65.6% | 4.7% | −23.1% | 4.8% | −4.8 | −26.8% | 14.6% | 111.8% | 47.7% | 0.14 |
| Malaita | 39.6% | 0.9% | 66.1% | 15.9% | −26.5% | 15.9% | −1.7 | −39.9% | 47.8% | 119.1% | 20.8% | 0.25 |
| Kolombangara | 39.1% | 1.0% | 54.7% | 6.9% | −15.6% | 7.0% | −2.2 | −7.7% | 21.1% | 85.9% | 16.3% | 0.87 |
| Nggela | 37.8% | 0.9% | 54.6% | 5.4% | −16.8% | 5.5% | −3.1 | −12.6% | 16.6% | 88.2% | 82.5% | 0.59 |
| Ranongga | 37.6% | 1.0% | 48.8% | 27.5% | −11.2% | 27.5% | −0.4 | 4.0% | 82.6% | 71.2% | 29.8% | 0.15 |
| Russell | 36.2% | 1.2% | 45.8% | 9.9% | −9.6% | 10.0% | −1.0 | 7.4% | 30.1% | 65.0% | 26.2% | 0.19 |
| Vella_Lavella | 35.2% | 1.0% | 53.2% | 8.7% | −18.0% | 8.8% | −2.1 | −18.8% | 26.4% | 89.2% | 19.9% | 0.10 |
| Savo | 34.6% | 0.9% | 56.4% | 6.6% | −21.8% | 6.7% | −3.3 | −30.8% | 20.1% | 100.0% | 38.4% | 0.18 |
| Makira | 34.6% | 0.9% | 31.8% | 12.8% | 2.8% | 12.8% | 0.2 | 43.0% | 38.6% | 26.2% | 13.4% | 0.08 |
| Choiseul | 32.4% | 1.0% | 35.5% | 4.4% | −3.1% | 4.5% | −0.7 | 23.1% | 13.8% | 41.7% | 9.8% | 0.20 |
| Buka | 31.3% | 0.9% | 46.0% | 3.2% | −14.7% | 3.3% | −4.4 | −12.8% | 10.3% | 75.4% | 16.9% | 0.52 |
| Saposa | 31.1% | 0.9% | 41.8% | 5.6% | −10.7% | 5.7% | −1.9 | −1.0% | 17.2% | 63.2% | 14.2% | 0.25 |
| Mussau | 29.2% | 0.9% | 39.4% | 4.7% | −10.2% | 4.8% | −2.1 | −1.4% | 14.6% | 59.8% | 22.0% | 0.54 |
| Teop | 26.5% | 0.9% | 67.8% | 7.3% | −41.3% | 7.4% | −5.6 | −97.4% | 22.2% | 150.4% | 11.5% | 0.86 |
| Kove | 26.4% | 0.9% | 29.8% | 3.8% | −3.4% | 3.9% | −0.9 | 16.2% | 12.0% | 36.6% | 20.2% | 0.01 |
| Tigak | 26.2% | 0.9% | 43.9% | 6.7% | −17.7% | 6.8% | −2.6 | −26.9% | 20.4% | 79.3% | 21.4% | 0.87 |
| Melamela | 25.3% | 0.9% | 50.1% | 7.1% | −24.8% | 7.2% | −3.5 | −49.1% | 21.6% | 99.7% | 18.8% | 0.94 |
| Manus | 24.9% | 1.2% | 14.2% | 6.2% | 10.7% | 6.3% | 1.7 | 57.0% | 19.2% | −7.2% | 42.9% | 0.87 |
| Nakanai_Bileki | 24.5% | 0.9% | 38.4% | 14.3% | −13.9% | 14.3% | −1.0 | −17.2% | 43.1% | 66.2% | 11.2% | 0.28 |
| Mangseng | 23.6% | 0.9% | 42.2% | 3.7% | −18.6% | 3.8% | −4.9 | −32.2% | 11.7% | 79.4% | 19.9% | 0.34 |
| Papuan_Gulf | 22.6% | 1.1% | 49.3% | 6.6% | −26.7% | 6.7% | −4.0 | −57.5% | 20.3% | 102.7% | 10.9% | 0.07 |
| Notsi | 20.7% | 0.8% | 33.0% | 3.6% | −12.3% | 3.7% | −3.3 | −16.2% | 11.3% | 57.6% | 64.8% | 0.13 |
| Nailik | 20.4% | 0.8% | 44.8% | 21.6% | −24.4% | 21.6% | −1.1 | −52.8% | 64.9% | 93.6% | 22.9% | 0.08 |
| Madak | 18.7% | 0.8% | 43.1% | 7.6% | −24.4% | 7.6% | −3.2 | −54.5% | 23.0% | 91.9% | 18.7% | 0.11 |
| Kuot_Kabil | 18.6% | 0.9% | 55.4% | 6.2% | −36.8% | 6.3% | −5.9 | −91.8% | 18.9% | 129.0% | 26.5% | 0.04 |
| Bougainville_Sout | 18.0% | 1.4% | 24.1% | 8.8% | −6.1% | 8.9% | −0.7 | −0.3% | 27.0% | 36.3% | 11.8% | 0.26 |
| Lavongai | 17.6% | 0.8% | 36.4% | 3.9% | −18.8% | 4.0% | −4.7 | −38.8% | 12.1% | 74.0% | 16.0% | 0.07 |
| Nasioi | 17.4% | 1.0% | 29.9% | 5.3% | −12.5% | 5.4% | −2.3 | −20.1% | 16.4% | 54.9% | 11.5% | 0.40 |
| Kuot_Lamalaua | 16.2% | 0.8% | 13.8% | 3.8% | 2.4% | 3.9% | 0.6 | 23.4% | 11.8% | 9.0% | 19.6% | 0.07 |
| Nakanai_Loso | 15.4% | 1.1% | 24.3% | 6.5% | −8.9% | 6.6% | −1.4 | −11.3% | 20.0% | 42.1% | 11.2% | 0.37 |
| Mengen | 15.2% | 0.8% | 35.3% | 3.7% | −20.1% | 3.8% | −5.3 | −45.1% | 11.6% | 75.5% | 13.0% | 0.41 |
| Tolai | 14.3% | 0.8% | 22.5% | 4.3% | −8.2% | 4.4% | −1.9 | −10.3% | 13.3% | 38.9% | 9.4% | 0.01 |
| Sulka | 14.1% | 0.8% | 47.0% | 3.1% | −32.9% | 3.2% | - | −84.6% | 9.8% | 112.8% | 16.3% | 0.48 |
| Mamusi_Paleabu | 13.7% | 1.0% | 30.9% | 5.4% | −17.2% | 5.5% | −3.1 | −37.9% | 16.7% | 65.3% | 13.9% | 0.21 |
| Mamusi | 13.7% | 0.9% | 22.7% | 4.6% | −9.0% | 4.7% | −1.9 | −13.3% | 14.3% | 40.7% | 27.1% | 0.35 |
| Ata | 13.2% | 1.0% | 26.4% | 9.0% | −13.2% | 9.1% | −1.5 | −26.4% | 27.3% | 52.8% | 15.4% | 0.24 |
| Santa_Cruz | 9.6% | 0.9% | 27.1% | 5.1% | −17.5% | 5.2% | −3.4 | −42.9% | 15.7% | 62.1% | 23.3% | 0.17 |
| Kol_New_Britain | 8.5% | 1.4% | 9.1% | 7.7% | −0.6% | 7.8% | −0.1 | 6.7% | 23.8% | 10.3% | 30.1% | 0.66 |
| Baining_Marabu | 2.6% | 1.0% | 25.3% | 10.0% | −22.7% | 10.0% | −2.3 | −65.5% | 30.3% | 70.7% | 32.5% | 0.24 |
| Baining_Malasait | 1.2% | 1.2% | 34.9% | 10.8% | −33.7% | 10.9% | −3.1 | −99.9% | 32.8% | 102.3% | 8.2% | 0.12 |
| Papuan | 0.0% | 0.5% | 2.4% | 2.7% | −2.4% | 2.7% | −0.9 | −7.2% | 8.3% | 7.2% | 0.0% | 0.58 |