Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Kidney Function | P value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR >=120 (N=278) |
eGFR 105–119 (N=2018) |
eGFR 90–104 (N=13257) |
eGFR 60–89 (N=62174) |
eGFR 45–59 (N=26939) |
eGFR 30–44 (N=13411) |
eGFR 15–29 (N=3787) |
eGFR <15 (N=679) |
Dialysis (N=645) |
|||
| Age, mean (± SD) (years) | 49.0 (11.1) | 54.8 (9.6) | 62.1 (8.4) | 71.6 (9.5) | 76.1 (8.4) | 77.9 (7.9) | 77.2 (8.5) | 72.9 (10.0) | 67.6 (10.2) | <0.001 | |
| Age>75 | 0 (0%) | 46 (2.3%) | 979 (7.4%) | 27,392 (44.1%) | 16,935 (62.9%) | 9,742 (72.6%) | 2,629 (69.4%) | 351 (51.7%) | 192 (29.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Female | 13 (4.7%) | 38 (1.9%) | 203 (1.5%) | 924 (1.5%) | 432 (1.6%) | 284 (2.1%) | 82 (2.2%) | 7 (1.0%) | 8 (1.2%) | <0.001 | |
| mean BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 | 31.2 | 31.2 | 29.7 | 29.2 | 28.9 | 28.9 | 28 | 28.9 | <0.001 | |
| Race | White | 79 (28.4%) | 941 (46.6%) | 9,264 (69.9%) | 53,698 (86.4%) | 24,486 (90.9%) | 12,244 (91.3%) | 3,346 (88.4%) | 555 (81.7%) | 434 (67.3%) | <0.001 |
| Black | 124 (44.6%) | 499 (24.7%) | 1,069 (8.1%) | 2,952 (4.8%) | 1,292 (4.8%) | 700 (5.2%) | 268 (7.1%) | 81 (11.9%) | 161 (25.0%) | ||
| Physical comorbidities | Anemia | 56 (20.1%) | 239 (11.8%) | 1275 (9.6%) | 7491 (12.1%) | 5224 (19.4%) | 4113 (30.7%) | 1780 (47.0%) | 366 (53.9%) | 380 (58.9%) | <0.001 |
| Cancer (newly diagnosed) | 25 (9.0%) | 143 (7.1%) | 988 (7.5%) | 4527 (7.3%) | 1853 (6.9%) | 899 (6.7%) | 233 (6.2%) | 26 (3.8%) | 43 (6.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 10 (3.6%) | 67 (03.3%) | 226 (1.7%) | 514 (0.8%) | 172 (0.6%) | 79 (0.6%) | 37 (1.0%) | 10 (1.5%) | 19 (3.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic lung disease | 69 (24.8%) | 458 (22.7%) | 2965 (22.4%) | 12350 (19.9%) | 5586 (20.7%) | 3040 (22.7%) | 946 (25.0%) | 126 (18.6%) | 215 (33.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 55 (19.8%) | 444 (22.0%) | 3,931 (29.7%) | 23,202 (37.3%) | 12,326 (45.8%) | 7,093 (52.9%) | 2,180 (57.6%) | 319 (47.0%) | 395 (61.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes | 68 (24.5%) | 541 (26.8%) | 3,688 (27.8%) | 16,201 (26.1%) | 7,946 (29.5%) | 4,790 (35.7%) | 1,608 (42.5%) | 299 (44.0%) | 414 (64.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Heart Failure | 36 (13.0%) | 224 (11.1%) | 1,460 (11.0%) | 7,680 (12.4%) | 4,858 (18.0%) | 3,518 (26.2%) | 1.260 (33.3%) | 207 (30.5%) | 296 (45.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Prior hemorrhage | 21 (7.6%) | 199 (9.9%) | 1070 (8.1%) | 4360 (7.0%) | 2067 (7.7%) | 1186 (8.8%) | 436 (11.5%) | 77 (11.3%) | 168 (26.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 85 (30.6%) | 712 (35.3%) | 5696 (43.0%) | 29722 (47.8%) | 13833 (51.4%) | 7351 (54.8%) | 2137 (56.4%) | 342 (50.4%) | 417 (64.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 132 (47.5%) | 1,031 (51.1) | 7,295 (55.0%) | 37,479 (60.3%) | 18,195 (67.5%) | 9,799 (73.1%) | 2,941 (77.7%) | 529 (77.9%) | 607 (94.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 19 (6.8%) | 100 (5.0%) | 852 (6.4%) | 4,668 (7.5%) | 2,736 (10.2%) | 1,877 (14.0%) | 685 (18.1%) | 123 (18.1%) | 178 (27.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Prior Stroke / TIA | 16 (5.8%) | 96 (4.8%) | 583 (4.4%) | 3,405 (4.4%) | 1,959 (7.3%) | 1,075 (8.0%) | 350 (9.2%) | 54 (8.0%) | 75 (11.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Venous Thrombosis | 4 (1.4%) | 46 (2.3%) | 206 (1.6%) | 731 (1.2%) | 353 (1.3%) | 184 (1.4%) | 46 (1.2%) | 8 (1.2%) | 22 (3.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Mental comorbidities | Alcohol abuse | 60 (21.6%) | 357 (17.7%) | 1447 (10.9%) | 2765 (4.5%) | 819 (3.0%) | 322 (2.4%) | 116 (3.1%) | 28 (4.1%) | 15 (7.9%) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 7 (2.5%) | 64 (3.2%) | 318 (2.4%) | 1100 (1.8%) | 456 (1.7%) | 217 (1.6%) | 78 (2.1%) | 16 (2.4%) | 22 (3.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Bipolar disorder | 7 (2.5%) | 74 (3.7%) | 292 (2.2%) | 623 (1.0%) | 247 (0.9%) | 104 (0.8%) | 30 (0.8%) | 6 (0.9%) | 10 (1.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Dementia | 0 | 10 (0.5%) | 95 (0.7%) | 944 (1.5%) | 590 (2.2%) | 323 (2.4%) | 102 (2.7%) | 14 (2.1) | 17 (2.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Major depression | 26 (9.4%) | 248 (12.3%) | 1168 (8.8%) | 3824 (6.2%) | 1540 (5.7%) | 778 (5.8%) | 243 (6.4%) | 41 (6.0%) | 76 (11.8%) | <0.001 | |
| PTSD | 33 (11.9%) | 206 (10.2%) | 1100 (8.3%) | 3011(4.8%) | 1009 (3.8%) | 475 (3.5%) | 139 (3.7%) | 30 (4.4%) | 51 (7.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Schizophrenia | 7 (2.5%) | 72 (3.6%) | 209 (1.6%) | 513 (0.8%) | 174 (0.7%) | 81 (0.6%) | 28 (0.7%) | 4 (0.6%) | 16 (2.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Substance abuse (non-alcohol) | 37 (13.3%) | 166 (8.2%) | 490 (3.7%) | 801 (1.3%) | 199 (0.7%) | 99 (0.7%) | 36 (1.0%) | 17 (2.5%) | 23 (3.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Meds | Antiarrhythmic drug | 37 (13.3%) | 299 (14.8%) | 1,977 (14.9%) | 8,738 (14.1%) | 4,107 (15.3%) | 2,195 (16.4%) | 675 (17.8%) | 128 (18.9%) | 125 (19.4%) | <0.001 |
| AV nodal agent | 226 (81.3%) | 1,593 (78.9%) | 10,307 (77.8%) | 45,313 (72.9%) | 19,702 (73.1%) | 9,951 (74.2%) | 2,912 (76.9%) | 499 (73.5%) | 533 (82.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Aspirin | 87 (31.3%) | 488 (24.2%) | 2,488 (18.8%) | 8,813 (14.2%) | 3,820 (14.2%) | 2,084 (15.5%) | 760 (20.1%) | 144 (21.2%) | 215 (33.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Clopidogrel | 8 (2.9%) | 52 (2.6%) | 507 (3.8%) | 3,076 (5.0%) | 1,631 (6.1%) | 871 (6.5%) | 257 (6.8%) | 36 (5.3%) | 30 (4.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Aspirin+Clopidogrel | 8 (2.9%) | 43 (2.1%) | 294 (2.2%) | 1,207 (1.9%) | 641 (2.4%) | 383 (2.9%) | 126 (3.3%) | 16 (2.4%) | 38 (5.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Other antiplatelet | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.1%) | 30 (0.2%) | 206 (0.3%) | 108 (0.4%) | 76 (0.6%) | 18 (0.5%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 | |
| ACE/ARB | 116 (41.7%) | 929 (46.0%) | 6,667 (50.3%) | 31,930 (51.4%) | 15,145 (56.2%) | 7,728 (57.6%) | 1,870 (49.4%) | 250 (36.8%) | 295 (45.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Stain | 71 (25.5%) | 776 (38.5%) | 6,374 (48.1%) | 32,526 (52.3%) | 14,932 (55.4%) | 7,577 (56.5%) | 2,153 (56.9%) | 295 (43.5%) | 360 (55.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Niacin/Fibrate | 11 (4.0%) | 126 (6.2%) | 1001 (7.6%) | 4192 (6.7%) | 1934 (7.2%) | 1017 (7.6%) | 284 (7.5%) | 54 (8.0%) | 61 (9.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Comorbidity Index | Charlson | 0.89 (1.1) | 0.85 (1.0) | 0.81 (1.0) | 0.80 (1.0) | 1.00 (1.1) | 1.34 (1.3) | 1.80 (1.5) | 1.88 (1.4) | 2.75 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Selim | 2.07 (2.1) | 2.05 (2.0) | 2.16 (2.1) | 2.26 (2.1) | 2.63 (2.1) | 3.17 (2.5) | 3.87 (2.8) | 3.85 (2.8) | 6.00 (2.7) | <0.001 | |
| CHADS2 score group | CHADS2 0–1 | 201 (72.3%) | 1,403 (69.5%) | 8,875 (67.0%) | 32,422 (52.2%) | 10,248 (38.0%) | 3,711 (27.7%) | 859 (22.7%) | 196 (28.9%) | 99 (15.4%) | <0.001 |
| CHADS2 2–3 | 73 (26.3%) | 565 (28.0%) | 4,027 (30.4%) | 26,472 (42.6%) | 14,250 (52.9%) | 7,885 (58.8%) | 2,279 (60.2%) | 390 (57.4%) | 434 (67.3%) | ||
| CHADS2 4–6 | 4 (1.4%) | 50 (2.5%) | 355 (2.7%) | 3,280 (5.3%) | 2,441 (9.1%) | 1,815 (13.5%) | 649 (17.1%) | 93 (13.7%) | 112 (17.4%) | ||
| Mean CHADS2 score (mean ± SD) | 0.96 (1.1) | 1.01 (1.1) | 1.10 (1.1) | 1.54 (1.2) | 1.92 (1.2) | 2.24 (1.2) | 2.41 (1.2) | 2.20 (1.2) | 2.57 (1.1) | <0.001 | |
| ATRIA score group | Low (0–3) | 250 (89.9%) | 1,873 (92.8%) | 12266 (92.5%) | 54491 (87.6%) | 21364(79.3%) | 9113 (68.0%) | 151 (4.0%) | 34 (5.0%) | 9 (1.4%) | <0.001 |
| Medium (4) | 22 (7.9%) | 106 (5.3%) | 649 (4.9%) | 2,990 (4.8%) | 1,749 (6.5%) | 1,076 (8.0%) | 414 (10.9%) | 106 (15.6%) | 134 (20.8%) | ||
| High (5–10) | 6 (2.2%) | 39 (1.9%) | 342 (2.6%) | 4,693 (7.6%) | 3,826 (14.2%) | 3,222 (24.0%) | 3,222 (85.1%) | 539 (79.4%) | 502 (77.8%) | ||
| Mean ATRIA bleed score (mean ± SD) | 1.15 (1.4) | 1.01 (1.2) | 1.07 (1.3) | 1.92 (1.6) | 2.59 (1.7) | 3.19 (1.8) | 6.69 (1.9) | 6.54 (1.9) | 6.56 (1.9) | <0.001 | |