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. 2017 Jul 18;7:5761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06412-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Breaking mechanism of a C-O bond upon impact of an OH radical. The OH radical abstracts a H atom (see black dashed circle in (a)) leading to the formation of a water molecule. This subsequently results in the formation of a double C=C bond, the cleavage of a C-O bond (see gray dashed line in (b)) and the detachment of a CO₂ molecule, leaving behind a radical site (see black dashed circle in (c)). A new OH radical can then react with this site, forming an alcohol group (c).