Table 1.
Activity of antiretroviral drugs on overall P. berghei in vitro hepatic infection.
| Class | Drug | IC50 (μM) ± SD | IC90 (μM) ± SD | Cell proliferation** (%) ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protease inhibitors (PIs) | Nelfinavir (NFV) | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 10.9 ± 3.1 | 110.2 ± 6.7 |
| Lopinavir (LPV) | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 11.1 ± 2.1 | 110.5 ± 18.2 | |
| Ritonavir (RTV) | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 22.2 ± 2.6 | 93.5 ± 3.6 | |
| Saquinavir (SQV) | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 13.1 ± 2.7 | 114.4 ± 2.8 | |
| Atazanavir (ATV) | 10.6 ± 0.8 | 27.0 ± 4.8 | 105.3 ± 3.1 | |
| Telapravir (TLV)* | 13.3 ± 1.7 | 23.9 ± 5.5 | 114.2 ± 13.9 | |
| Darunavir (DRV) | 16.8 ± 2.8 | 44.1 ± 8.6 | 118.7 ± 10.1 | |
| Amprenavir (APV) | 23.4 ± 5.1 | 70.9 ± 9.2 | 100.1 ± 4.8 | |
| Indinavir (IDV) | >50 | >50 | 102.9 ± 4.6 | |
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) | Rilvipirine (RIL) | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 99.4 ± 12.0 |
| Etravirine (ETV) | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 10.5 ± 1.8 | 94.4 ± 8.3 | |
| Efavirenz (EFV) | 17.2 ± 1.8 | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 111.2 ± 13.7 | |
| Nevirapine (NVP) | >50 | >50 | 103.4 ± 8.6 | |
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) | Abacavir (ABC) | >50 | >50 | 102.7 ± 10.6 |
| Emtricitabine (FTC) | >50 | >50 | 104.8 ± 12.8 | |
| Lamivudine (3TC) | >50 | >50 | 106.4 ± 10.8 | |
| Tenofovir (TDF) | >50 | >50 | 104.7 ± 6.1 | |
| Zidovudine (AZT) | >50 | >50 | 100.6 ± 11.9 | |
| Integrase inhibitor (II) | Raltegravir (RAL) | >50 | >50 | 120.9 ± 16.7 |
IC50 and IC90, concentrations inhibiting 50 and 90% of in vitro infection, respectively; SD, standard deviation.
*
Treatment of Hepatitis C.
**
Measured by CellTiter assay at ~IC90 drug concentrations, relative to the DMSO control