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. 2017 Jul 18;7:5697. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05712-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sleep variables in town and rural settings. (a) Sleep variables by location. WASO, sleep efficiency and nocturnal activity L5 significantly differed between Milange and Tengua, though total sleep duration was not significantly different. Type of bed is represented by colour. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05, according to Table 1. (b) Environmental variables impact nocturnal activity L5. Type of bed (left), amount of diurnal activity M10 (centre) and number of people sleeping in the same room (right) associated with the amount of nocturnal activity across both locations (Milange, red; Tengua, blue). Significance between groups is denoted by Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests, ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05. Correlation (r) determined significant association between continuous variables.