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. 2017 Jul 18;7:5781. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06173-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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GSK-3β deletion inhibits activity-dependent neural activation. (a) GSK-3β deletion significantly suppressed basal synaptic transmission shown by the reduced input/output (I/O) curve. (b,c) GSK-3β deletion induced LTP impairment shown by a decreased slop of the evoked fEPSP, and the decrease was still significant at 60 min after high frequency stimulation (HFS). n = 8–10 hippocampal slices from 6 mice in each group. (d,e) The representative micrographs of spine morphology and the decreased spine density in GFP-positive neurons (6 mice were analyzed in each group). (f,g) The representative micrographs of spine morphology and the spine density in prefrontal cortex neurons (6 mice were analyzed in each group). (h–k) The representative immunohistochemical images of c-fos, and the densitometric analyses in DG (dentate gyrus), BLA (basal lateral amygdala) and PV (paraventricular thalamic nucleus) subsets (Scale bars, 20 μm; n = 5–6 each group). Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m. Two–way repeated-measures ANOVA with Huynh-Feldt-Lecoutre correction for panels (a), unpaired t test for panels (c,e,i–k). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001 versus Vector. The absence of asterix indicates that the difference is not significant.