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. 2017 Jul 18;7:5705. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05940-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Humoral immune responses in pups born to mothers immunized during pregnancy. Anti-influenza binding antibodies were determined by ELISA in sera collected from pups at weeks 3 to 12 after birth. (A) IgG, (B) IgG1 and (C) IgG2a antibody titers [MN (2.5 ug), n = 10; IM (5 µg), n = 10; IM (2.5 µg), n = 5; ID (2.5 µg), n = 5; Naïve, n = 5]. Values are expressed as mean ±SEM. (D) Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and (E) neutralizing antibody (NT) titers in sera collected 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after birth (n = 5 per group). HAI and NT values are expressed as geometric mean with ±95% confidence interval. ^a[MN vs IM (5 μg), IM (2.5 μg), ID (2.5 μg)]. ^b[IM(5 μg) vs IM (2.5 μg), ID (2.5 μg)]. *p < 0.05. Statistical significance was determined using the Bonferroni-Dunn method, with alpha = 0.05.