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. 2017 Jul 18;7:5704. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05571-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Measurement of cellular and mitochondrial ATP levels using bioluminescence assay. Cells were incubated with 10 mM glucose or 5 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose plus 5 mM pyruvate to determine ATP generation under cellular and mitochondrial ATP levels. Average rates of ATP level per cell line are shown: (a) ATP level in total cells and (b) ATP level in mitochondria. Six to seven determinations were made for each cell line. Graph details and symbols are explained in the legend to Fig. 2.