Table 1.

Summary of the core characteristics of the twenty included studies in the meta‐analyses.

Reference	Doca type	Setting	Designb	Duration (T1–T2; T3)c	Intervention type	Intervention style	Core intervention components
Aikens et al., 2014	P	USA, chemical company	R	7 weeks; 6 months	Health promotion	Group	Virtual mindfulness sessions, homework, progress tracking survey, e‐coaching
Angelo & Chambel, 2013	P	Portugal, fire service	R	4 months	Leadership training	Online and group	Three day stress management workshop for supervisors with educational and action components
Biggs, 2011	T	Australia, police service	NR	7 months	Leadership training	Group	Participatory action research—six workshops involving psychoeducation and cognitive behavioural therapy based skills training (topics included stress, social support, career development and work–life balance)
Biggs et al., 2014	P	Australia, police service	NR	7 months;	Leadership training	Group	Action‐learning workshops over five days, involving education, a practical project and individual coaching
Calitz, 2010	T	South Africa, social work	NR	32 h; 1 month	Health promotion	Group	Two days of group sessions covering work engagement, job satisfaction, burnout, stress etc.
Carter, 2008	T	Australia, financial services	RM	5 months; 8 months	Personal resource building	Group	‘Forum theatre’ (vicarious learning), ‘rehearse for Reality’ (role play), ‘entertainment education’ (DVDs of ‘actors’ participating in role plays)
Chen et al., 2009	P	Israel, unknown organisation	CR (units)	2 weeks; 10 weeks	Personal resource building	Group	Conservation of resources (COR) intervention—five days of technical training before a new computer system was installed
Cifre et al., 2011	P	Spain, manufacturing	NR	6 months; 9 months	Job resource building	Individual	Action‐research approach to redesigning supervisor's role, increasing employee awareness of job training completed, job training
Coffeng et al., 2014	P	Finland, financial services	R	6 months; 12 months	Job resource building	Group	Combined social and environmental intervention—‘Vitality in Practice’ zones created (e.g. coffee zones, meeting zones), group motivational interviewing by team leaders, physical activity and relaxation encouraged
Hengel et al., 2012	P	The Netherlands, construction sites	CR	3 months; 12 months	Health promotion	Group and individual	Individual training sessions to lower physical workload, rest‐break tool, group empowerment sessions
Imamura et al., 2015	P	Japan, IT company	RCT	3 months; 6 months	Health promotion	Online and individual	Six week online cognitive behavioural therapy programme, voluntary homework and feedback from a Clinical Psychologist
Kmiec, 2010	T	USA, manufacturing	NR	90 days	Leadership training	Group	Education, skills practice and self‐coaching via classroom teaching and online learning
Naruse et al., 2014	P	Japan, Community nursing	NR	6 months	Job resource building	Individual	Skill‐mix intervention—nurses offered an assistant for community visits
Ouweneel et al., 2013	P	The Netherlands, Various organisations	NR	8 weeks; 16 weeks	Personal resource building	Online, individual	Weekly assignments (e.g. goal setting)
Rigotti et al., 2014	G	Germany, various	NR	14 months; 20 months	Leadership training	Group	Lectures including work and health, co‐operation and goal‐setting, leader training, including observations of leaders, feedback and coaching
Rigotti et al., 2014	G	Sweden, unknown organisations	NR	14 months; 20 months	Leadership training	Group	As above
Sodani et al., 2011	G	Iran, welfare organisation	RMP	Unknown	Personal resource building	Group	Nine creativity learning group sessions focused on problem solving and perspective taking
Strijk et al., 2013	P	The Netherlands, two academic hospitals	R	6 months; 12 months	Health promotion	Group and individual	Personal coach, yoga and aerobics, free fruit
Van Berkel et al., 2014	P	The Netherlands, two research institutes	R	6 months; 12 months	Health promotion	Group and individual	Group mindfulness training, goal‐setting, homework, individual e‐coaching, free fruit and veg snacks, buddy system, supporting materials (e.g. web page, logbook)
Vuori et al., 2012	P	Finland, various organisations	R	1 week; 7 months	Personal resource building	Group	Active learning, role playing, social modelling

^aType of document: P = Published in a peer reviewed journal; G = Grey literature; T = PhD thesis.

^bDesign: R = Randomised allocation at the individual level; CR = Cluster randomised allocation at the level of departments/units; RM = randomised matched groups; RMP = randomised matched pairs; NR = Non‐randomised allocation.

^cDuration: length of time between the pre‐intervention measurement (T1) and the first post‐intervention measurement (T2). T3 indicates the length of time between the pre‐intervention measurement and a further, follow‐up measurement for those studies which collected this data.