Table 4.
Average Preoperative and Postoperative Improvement in BSES‐SF Total Scores Across Participant Subgroups.
| Subgroups |
Preoperative Mean [SD] |
1 Week Postoperative, Mean [SD] |
1 Month Postoperative, Mean [SD] |
F Test Statistic, df = 2 (P Value) | RMIa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: 0–4 weeks | 43.4 [12.7] | 51.7 [11.4] | 55.6 [11.0] | 127.3 (<.001) | 38% |
| Age: 5–8 weeks | 44.3 [12.5] | 53.8 [10.9] | 59.7 [8.1] | 74.7 (<.001) | 46% |
| Age: 9–12 weeks | 45.0 [12.9] | 52.0 [12.5] | 54.8 [13.0] | 18.2 (<.001) | 29% |
| Males | 43.9 [12.7] | 52.3 [11.7] | 56.6 [11.2] | 113.2 (<.001) | 39% |
| Females | 43.9 [12.5] | 52.3 [11.1] | 56.5 [10.4] | 99.4 (<.001) | 38% |
| Kotlow lip classification type | |||||
| Class III | 43.3 [12.8] | 52.8 [10.9] | 56.7 [11.2] | 113.8 (<.001) | 41% |
| Class IV | 44.6 [12.3] | 52.0 [11.5] | 56.5 [10.2] | 98.3 (<.001) | 36% |
| Coryllos tongue classification type | |||||
| Type I | 50.1 [11.4] | 59.1 [8.2] | 59.7 [11.0] | 6.9 (.015) | 24% |
| Type II | 44.1 [11.2] | 53.5 [10.7] | 58.7 [8.5] | 54.6 (<.001) | 43% |
| Type III | 43.4 [12.6] | 51.4 [11.3] | 55.0 [11.7] | 62.1 (<.001) | 35% |
| Type IV | 43.5 [13.2] | 51.7 [11.9] | 56.4 [10.9] | 93.3 (<.001) | 40% |
| Procedure type | |||||
| Tongue | 45.1 [12.4] | 53.6 [11.7] | 57.6 [11.9] | 46.1 (<.001) | 35% |
| Both tongue and lip | 43.5 [12.7] | 51.9 [11.4] | 56.2 [10.5] | 164.6 (<.001) | 40% |
a
RMI between preoperative and 30‐day follow‐up scores; higher scores on BSES‐SF survey indicate improvement.
BSES‐SF = Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Short Form; df = degrees of freedom; RMI = relative mean improvement; SD = standard deviation.