Table 6.

Average Preoperative and Postoperative Improvement in VAS Pain Scores Across Participant Subgroups.

Subgroups	Preoperative, Mean [SD]	1 Week Postoperative, Mean [SD]	1 Month Postoperative, Mean [SD]	F Test Statistic, df = 2 (P Value)	RMI
Age: 0–4 weeks	5.2 [2.7]	2.4 [1.8]	1.8 [1.8]	171.6 (<.001)	61%
Age: 5–8 weeks	4.2 [2.7]	1.9 [1.9]	1.4 [1.6]	58.3 (<.001)	67%
Age: 9–12 weeks	3.3 [2.4]	1.6 1.6]	0.9 [1.3]	35.1 (<.001)	73%
Males	4.8 [2.7]	2.2 [1.8]	1.7 [1.9]	131.0 (<.001)	58%
Females	4.5 [2.7]	2.1 [1.9]	1.4 [1.6]	135.2 (<.001)	72%
Kotlow lip classification type
Class III	4.8 [2.8]	2.5 [1.9]	1.7 [1.9]	101.3 (<.001)	61%
Class IV	4.6 [2.7]	1.9 [1.7]	1.4 [1.6]	163.9 (<.001)	67%
Coryllos tongue classification type
Type I	3.0 [2.3]	1.3 [1.7]	0.7 [1.3]	9.0 (.005)	76%
Type II	4.7 [2.6]	2.2 [1.9]	1.3 [1.8]	39.5 (<.001)	61%
Type III	4.5 [2.8]	2.3 [2.0]	1.7 [1.7]	65.4 (<.001)	60%
Type IV	4.9 [2.7]	2.2 [1.7]	1.6 [1.7]	152.7 (<.001)	67%
Procedure type
Tongue	4.1 [2.9]	2.1 [1.8]	1.4 [1.8]	47.2 (<.001)	64%
Both tongue and lip	4.8 [2.7]	2.2 [1.8]	1.6 [1.7]	211.9 (<.001)	64%

^* RMI between preoperative and 30‐day follow‐up scores; lower scores on VAS indicate improvement.

df = degrees of freedom; RMI = relative mean improvement; SD = standard deviation; VAS = visual analog scale.