Table 1.
Selected characteristics of Stockholm youth cohort. Figures are numbers (percentage) unless stated otherwise
| Exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy (n=3342) | Maternal psychiatric disorder and unexposed to antidepressants (n=12 325) | No maternal psychiatric disorder and unexposed to antidepressants (n=238 943) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | 136 (4.1) | 353 (2.9) | 4889 (2.1) |
| ASD without intellectual disability | 122 (3.7) | 291 (2.4) | 3835 (1.6) |
| ASD with intellectual disability | 14 (0.4) | 62 (0.5) | 1054 (0.4) |
| Mean (SD) maternal age (years) | 31.7 (5.2) | 31.5 (5.4) | 30.7 (5.0) |
| Mean (SD) paternal age (years) | 34.0 (6.4) | 34.0 (6.6) | 33.7 (6.1) |
| Male child | 1727 (51.7) | 6446 (52.3) | 122 354 (51.2) |
| Parity: | |||
| 1 | 1673 (50.1) | 5203 (42.2) | 108 192 (45.3) |
| 2 | 951 (28.4) | 4248 (34.5) | 87 765 (36.7) |
| ≥3 | 718 (21.5) | 2874 (23.3) | 42 986 (18.0) |
| Maternal education >12 years | 1382 (41.3) | 4897 (39.7) | 110 017 (46.0) |
| Family income in highest fifth | 904 (27.1) | 3306 (26.8) | 83 190 (34.8) |
| Mother born in Sweden | 2,713 (81.2) | 9176 (74.5) | 177 395 (74.2) |
| Mother smoked | 512 (15.3) | 1434 (11.6) | 16 996 (7.1) |
| Maternal BMI at 1st antenatal visit: | |||
| Normal (18.5-<25) | 1741 (52.1) | 6035 (49.0) | 129 597 (54.2) |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 81 (2.4) | 316 (2.6) | 5590 (2.3) |
| Overweight (25-<30) | 619 (18.5) | 2272 (18.4) | 40 212 (16.8) |
| Obese (≥30) | 328 (9.8) | 981 (8.0) | 13 945 (5.8) |
| Missing | 573 (17.2) | 2721 (22.1) | 49 599 (20.8) |
| Maternal lifetime psychiatric diagnoses before birth: | |||
| Depression | 1378 (41.3) | 5800 (47.1) | 0 |
| Anxiety disorder | 685 (20.5) | 2594 (21.1) | 0 |
| Bipolar disorder | 70 (2.1) | 402 (3.3) | 0 |
| Non-affective psychoses | 46 (1.4) | 645 (5.2) | 0 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 56 (1.7) | 139 (1.1) | 0 |
| Stress related disorders | 389 (11.7) | 4261 (34.6) | 0 |
| Other neurotic disorders | 89 (2.7) | 1202 (9.8) | 0 |
| No of diagnoses of maternal depression before birth: | |||
| 0 | 1964 (58.8) | 6525 (52.9) | 238 943 (100) |
| 1 | 517 (15.5) | 3287 (26.7) | 0 |
| 2 | 240 (7.2) | 1128 (9.2) | 0 |
| 3 | 172 (5.2) | 508 (4.1) | 0 |
| ≥4 | 449 (13.4) | 877 (7.1) | 0 |
| No of diagnoses of maternal depression before birth by treatment: | |||
| Specialist care: | |||
| 0 | 2337 (69.9) | 8018 (65.1) | 238 943 (100) |
| 1 | 388 (11.6) | 2493 (20.2) | 0 |
| 2 | 199 (6.0) | 952 (7.7) | 0 |
| 3 | 418 (12.5) | 862 (7.0) | 0 |
| Primary care: | |||
| 0 | 3059 (91.5) | 11 766 (95.5) | 238 943 (100) |
| 1 | 129 (3.9) | 286 (2.3) | 0 |
| ≥2 | 154 (4.6) | 273 (2.2) | 0 |
| Inpatient diagnosis: | |||
| 0 | 2,982 (89.2) | 10 938 (88.8) | 238 943 (100) |
| 1 | 229 (6.9) | 969 (7.9) | 0 |
| 2 | 70 (2.1) | 233 (1.9) | 0 |
| ≥3 | 61 (1.8) | 184 (1.5) | 0 |
| Other: | |||
| 0 | 3201 (95.8) | 12 042 (97.7) | 238 943 (100) |
| 1 | 105 (3.1) | 232 (1.9) | 0 |
| ≥2 | 36 (1.1) | 51 (0.4) | 0 |
| Medications during pregnancy: | |||
| SSRI antidepressants | 2710 (81.1) | — | 0 |
| Non-SSRI antidepressants | 723 (21.6) | — | 0 |
| Antiepileptics | 37 (1.1) | 73 (0.6) | 490 (0.2) |
| Antipsychotics | 106 (3.2) | 166 (1.4) | 347 (0.2) |
| Anxiolytics | 314 (9.4) | 191 (1.6) | 337 (0.1) |