. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 16.

Published in final edited form as: Semin Neurol. 2017 May 16;37(2):186–192. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1601887

Table 1.

Similarities in the neurobiology and treatment of various neurobehavioral disorders

Syndrome	Mesocorticolimbic system localization	Dopamine-based polymorphisms	Treatment
Binge eating disorder	Decreased D2-receptor activation in ventral striatum during reward cue tasks Increased dorsal striatal activity seen with compulsive behaviors³⁸	D2 receptor & DAT polymorphisms^40,41	Increase in GABA (topiramate)⁴⁵ & inhibition of monoamine oxidase (amphetamines)⁴⁶
Pathological gambling	Ventromedial prefrontal and ventral striatum in an fMRI study are diminished.^51,52	D2, DAT, MAO polymorphisms^55–58	Opioid antagonist (naltrexone),⁶² increase GABA (topiramate/carbamazepine),^64,65 dopamine reuptake inhibitor (modafinil),^66,67 ventral striatal glutamate (N-acetyl cysteine)⁶⁸
Cocaine abuse	Reduction in D2-like receptors in the ventral striatum and changes in the dorsal striatum are associated with compulsive behaviors.³²	DAT polymorphism⁴¹	Increase in GABA (topiramate),⁷⁴ inhibit GABA transamidase and increase GABA (vigabatrin)^75,76
DA- induced ICD in PD	Reduced D2-receptor stimulation in the ventral striatum and maintained D2-receptor activation in the dorsal striatum appears related to compulsive behaviors.²¹	To be determined	Reduction in dopamine agonist levels

Abbreviations: DAT, dopamine transporter gene; ICD, impulse control disorder; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; MAO, monoamine oxidase.