Table 1.

Characteristics of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Asthma

Cell/Animal	Class I PI3K Subunits	Role in Asthma	References
Mice	p110δ	AHR	25, 33
	p110δ	Inflammation	35
	p110γ	Inflammation	36
	p110γ	Remodeling	36
Airway smooth muscle	p110δ, p110γ	Contraction	37–42
	p110α, p110β, p110δ	Proliferation	18
	p110α, p110δ	Gene Expression	42
	p110γ	β-2 Adrenergic Receptor resensitization	43
	p110δ	IL-6 secretion	44
	p110α, p110β, p110δ	VEGF expression	45
	p110α, p110β, p110δ	CXCL-8 expression	46
	p110α, p110β, p110δ	MMP-1 secretion	47
	p110α, p110β, p110δ	Proliferation	48–52
Airway epithelial cells	p110α, p110β, p110δ	IP-10 secretion	59
	p110α, p110β, p110δ	Nitric oxide signaling	59, 60
	p110α, p110β, p110δ	Mucus secretion	62
T cells	p110δ, p110γ	Th2 differentiation	27, 63–66
B cells	p110α, p110β, p110δ, p110γ	IgE class switching	67, 68
Mast cells	p110δ	Degranulation	69
	p110γ	Cytokine release	70
Eosinophils	p110γ	Chemotaxis	71, 72
	p110γ	Mediator release	73
Neutrophils	p110δ, p110γ	Migration	75
	p110α, p110β, p110δ, p110γ	Degranulation	73

Definition of abbreviations: AHR, airway hyperresponsiveness; CXCL-8, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8; IP-10, IFN-γ–induced protein 10; MMP-1, matrix metallopeptidase 1; P110α, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit α isoform; P110β, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit β isoform; P110δ, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit δ isoform; P110γ, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit γ isoform; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Th2, T-helper cell type 2; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.