Table 1.
Factors associated with severe malaria among children below ten years, Mutasa and Nyanga districts, Zimbabwe, 2014-2015
| Variable | Cases n (%) | Controls n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| At least secondary education | 28(53.8) | 64(61.5) | 0.73 (0.37-1.43) | 0.36 |
| Being mother of the child | 36(69.2) | 88(84.6) | 0.41 (0.18-0.91) | 0.02 |
| Female caregiver | 48(92.3) | 101(97.1) | 0.36 (0.07-1.66) | 0.17 |
| Staying in a house under construction | 35(67.3) | 36(34.6) | 3.89 (1.92-7.88) | <0.01 |
| Staying in a house with open eaves or poorly covered windows | 31(59.6) | 43(41.3) | 2.09 (1.06-4.12) | 0.03 |
| Stagnant water within 10 meters from household | 20(38.5) | 24(23.1) | 2.08 (1.01-4.28) | 0.04 |
| Received IRS 12 months preceding child’s illness | 22(42.3) | 68(65.4) | 0.39 (0.20-0.77) | 0.01 |
| Own at least 1 ITN in household | 32(61.5) | 91(87.5) | 0.23 (0.10-0.51) | <0.01 |
| Child sleeps/slept under mosquito net every night | 13(25.0) | 52(50.0) | 0.33 (0.16-0.70) | <0.01 |
| Positive HIV status | 16(53.3) | 10(19.6) | 4.69 (1.73-12.69) | <0.01 |
| Having comorbidities | 20(38.5) | 16(15.4) | 3.44 (1.59-7.44) | <0.01 |
| Under nutrition | 17(63.0) | 14(33.3) | 3.40 (1.24-9.34) | 0.02 |
| History of malaria illness | 20(38.5) | 59(56.7) | 0.48 (0.24-0.96) | 0.04 |
| Distance between home and the nearest health facility >10km | 5(9.6) | 1(1.0) | 10.96(1.25-96.41) | <0.01 |
| Delayed diagnosis | 7(13.5) | 3(2.9) | 5.24 (1.29-21.18) | 0.01 |
| Child managed by a VHW | 17(32.7) | 25(24.0) | 1.53 (0.74-3.20) | 0.35 |
| Received antimalarial at initial visit to a health facility | 45(86.5) | 101(97.1) | 0.19 (0.05-0.77) | 0.01 |
| Duration of symptoms before seeking medical care >2 days | 19(36.5) | 4(3.8) | 14.30(4.57-45.36) | <0.01 |
| Duration of illness before child received antimalarial >24hrs | 38(73.1) | 34(32.7) | 5.59 (2.67-11.68) | <0.01 |
| Administered medication at home before seeking medical care | 23(44.2) | 19(18.3) | 3.55 (1.69-7.43) | <0.01 |
| First action taken when child got sick was seeking medical care | 28(53.8) | 84(80.8) | 0.28 (0.13-0.58) | <0.01 |