Table 2.
Summary of the frequency of all measures used by studies meeting our search criteria and effect size ranges for each domain.
| Frequency | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sociobehavioral category | ||
| BAP expression (ES range: 0.01–1.49) | ||
| Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) | 10 | |
| Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) | 2 | |
| Broader Phenotype Autism Spectrum Scale (BPASS) | 1 | |
| Communication Checklist-Adult (CC-A) | 1 | |
| Family History Interview/Family History Schedule (FHI/FHS) | 3 | |
| Modified Personality Assessment Schedule-Revised (MPAS-R) | 4 | |
| Pragmatic Rating Scale (PRS) | 4 | |
| Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) | 2 | |
| Other measures of personality and friendships (ES range: 0.79–1.14) | ||
| The Friendship Interview (FI) | 2 | |
| The Neo Personality Interview (NEO-PI) | 2 | |
| Reciprocal social interaction (ES: 0.33) | ||
| Alexithymia | ||
| Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) | 2 | |
| Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire-B (BVAQ-B) | 1 | |
| Anhedonia | ||
| Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS) | 1 | |
| Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS) | 1 | |
| Social and narrative language (ES: 0.50–0.73) | ||
| Grice's Conversational Maxims task | 1 | |
| Spontaneous Narrative Language | 1 | |
| Repetitive, restrictive behaviors & interests (ES: 0.37–1.11) | ||
| Everyday Preferences & Abilities | ||
| Real Life Skills & Preferences | 1 | |
|
| ||
| Cognitive category | ||
| General intellectual functioning (ES range: 0.14–1.16) | ||
| Wechsler Scales | 19 | |
| Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) | 4 | |
| Structural language abilities (ES range: 0.04–1.65) | ||
| Receptive language | ||
| Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III) | 2 | |
| Test for Reception of Grammar-2 (TROG-2) | 1 | |
| Expressive language | ||
| Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT) | 1 | |
| Verbal Fluency Subtest-Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (DK-EFS) | 1 | |
| Figurative language | ||
| Figurative Language Subtest-Test of Language Competence-Expanded (TOLC-E) | 1 | |
| Phonological awareness | ||
| Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP) | 2 | |
| Nonword Memory Test | 1 | |
| Nonsense Passage Reading Test | 1 | |
| Nonsense Words Subtest-NEPSY Test Battery | 1 | |
| Battery of Verbal tasks (including orthographic & phonological abilities) | 1 | |
| Reading abilities | ||
| Rapid Automized Naming (RAN) | 2 | |
| Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery-Revised (WJ-R) | 3 | |
| Gray Oral Reading Test (GORT) | 2 | |
| Edinburgh Reading Test (ERT) | 1 | |
| National Adult Reading Test (NART) | 2 | |
| Test of Word Reading Efficiency | 1 | |
| Reading History Questionnaire (RHQ) | 1 | |
| Spelling abilities | ||
| Schonell Spelling Test (SST) | 1 | |
| Speeded Dictation task | 2 | |
| Oromotor functioning | ||
| Oromotor Sequencing Subtest-NEPSY Test Battery | 1 | |
| Social cognition (ES range: 0.05–1.51) | ||
| Theory of Mind | ||
| Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (different versions) | 5 | |
| The Faces Test | 1 | |
| Reading the Mind in the Voice Test | 1 | |
| False Belief tasks (Smarties task; Sally-Anne task; unexpected transfer test) | 1 | |
| Unexpected Outcomes Test (UOT) | 1 | |
| The Hinting task | 1 | |
| Empathy | ||
| Empathy Quotient (EQ) | 1 | |
| Affect perception/emotion recognition | ||
| Pictures of facial affect, “Bubbles” method | 1 | |
| Penn Emotion Recognition Test (ER40) | 1 | |
| Facial Affect Recognition Test | 1 | |
| Emotion Recognition Test | 1 | |
| Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces task (KDEF) | 1 | |
| Point Light Basic Emotions task | 1 | |
| Trustworthiness of Faces task | 1 | |
| The Morphed Faces task | 1 | |
| The Movie Still task | 1 | |
| Schematic Line Drawings task | 1 | |
| Emotion Matching task | 1 | |
| Emotion Labeling task | 1 | |
| Executive function (ES range: 0.27–1.27) | ||
| Set-shifting | ||
| intradimensional-extradimensional Set-Shifting task (IDED) | 2 | |
| Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) | 1 | |
| Trail Making Test (A & B) | 2 | |
| Planning | ||
| Tower of London (ToL) | 2 | |
| Tower of Hanoi (ToH) | 3 | |
| Generativity/ideational fluency | ||
| Pattern Meanings | 1 | |
| Spatial working memory/inhibition | ||
| Visual Search Test | 1 | |
| The Delayed Oculomotor task | 1 | |
| Response Inhibition & Load (RIL) | 1 | |
| Verbal working memory | ||
| Auditory Consonant Trigrams (ACT) | 1 | |
| Verbal Fluency Test | 1 | |
| Stroop Interference Test | 1 | |
| Central coherence (local visual processing) (ES range: 0.18–1.60) | ||
| Disembedding performance | ||
| Embedded Figures Test (EFT) | 5 | |
| Titchener Circles Illusion | 1 | |
| Mental segmentation ability | ||
| Unsegmented Block Design task (adapted from Wechsler Scales) | 2 | |
| Segmented Block Design task (adapted from Wechsler Scales) | 2 | |
| Block Design task (Wechsler scales) | 2 | |
| Block Design Reconstruction task | 1 | |
| Attentional engagement | ||
| Detection task | 1 | |
| Global sentence completions | ||
| Sentence completion task | 2 | |
| Visual processing (ES not available) | ||
| Contrast sensitivity | ||
| Vistech Contrast Sensitivity Charts | 1 | |
| Motion discrimination | ||
| Motion Coherence task | 1 | |
| Moving Shape task | 1 | |
| Form discrimination | ||
| Form Discrimination (Shape) task | 1 | |
| Other psychiatric conditions category (depression and anxiety) (ES range: 0–1.33) | ||
| Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) | 1 | |
| Personality Style & Disorder Inventory (PSSI) | 1 | |
| Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) | 1 | |
| Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L) | 1 | |
| Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version Modified for the Study of Anxiety Disorders-Revised (SADS-LA-R) | 1 | |
| Parental questionnaire | 1 | |
| The Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scales (CESD) | 1 | |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 1 | |
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y) | 1 | |