Table 1.
In vitro studies.
| Authors | Study design | Cell source | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Farré-Guasch et al. (2010) [9] | Comparison: | Human | (i) Similar phenotype and morphology (spindle shaped) |
| (i) BFPSCs | (ii) Able to differentiate into chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages | ||
| (ii) SC-AdSCs | |||
| Broccaioli et al. (2013) [12] | Comparison: | Human | (i) Amelogenin: early osteoinductive factor for BFPSCs, but not SC-AdSCs |
| (i) BFPSCs | (ii) Proliferation: both able to proliferate in presence of human serum and adhesion to scaffolds | ||
| (ii) SC-AdSCs | (iii) Surface markers: both have a typical MSC immunophenotype | ||
| (iv) Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation: both show related markers (ALP activity, Coll deposition, and lipid vacuoles formation) | |||
| Niada et al. (2013) [13] | Comparison: | Swine | (i) No difference in proliferation, viability, and clonogenicity |
| (i) BFPSCs | (ii) Differentiation: both have the ability to differentiate towards the osteoblast-like and adipocyte-like cells and also similar in size and granularity | ||
| (ii) SC-AdSCs (cultured on titanium disks and silicon carbide-plasma) | (iii) Chondrogenic and osteogenic induction: both cells able to increase GAGs production over time and when osteoinduced on synthetic biomaterials, significantly increased amount of calcified ECM | ||
| (iv) Seeded on titanium: increased amount of calcified ECM of about 46% and 37% for SC-AdSCs and BFPSCs, respectively | |||
| (v) Seeded on silicon carbide: increased ECM deposition of 90% and 200% for SC-AdSCs and BFPSCs, respectively | |||
| Kishimoto et al. (2014) [14] | Comparison: | Human | (i) Surface markers: similar cell surface antigens of BFPSCs and BFP-DFAT cells |
| (i) BFPSCs | (ii) Differentiation: osteoblastic differentiation ability of BFP-DFAT cells is higher than that of BFPSCs (OCN, Ca deposition, and alizarin red) | ||
| (ii) BFP-DFAT cells | |||
| Kou et al. (2014) [15] | Evaluation of BFP-DFAT cells | Human | (i) Differentiation: strong adipogenic but much weaker osteogenic capacity |
| (ii) Surface markers: no expression of endothelial markers under angiogenic induction (NO VWF) | |||
| (iii) Characteristics of BFP: similar to cells from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue | |||
| (iv) Proliferation: no obvious decrease of proliferation or spontaneous differentiation up to the 25th passage | |||
| Tsurumachi et al. (2015) [16] | Evaluation of BFP-DFAT cells: Cells were dissociated by collagenase and centrifuged: | Human | (i) S cells: higher capacity to dedifferentiate into DFAT cells and more osteogenic differentiation ability |
| (i) <40 μm (S) | (ii) S- and L-DFAT cells had distinct characteristics | ||
| (ii) 40–100 μm (L) | (iii) High proportion of S-adipocytes in BFP | ||
| (iv) S-adipocytes: more advantageous for inducing dedifferentiation into DFAT cells | |||
| Ardeshirylajimi et al. (2015) [17] | Comparison: | Human | (i) Proliferation: higher proliferation level in cells on PLLA-Bio but with no significant difference between stem cells |
| (i) BFPSCs | (ii) BMSCs on PLLA-Bio: greatest ALP activity and mineralization (next close results: BFPSCs) | ||
| (ii) BMSCs | (iii) Lowest ALP activity: AdSCs | ||
| (iii) AdSCs | (iv) BFP: same osteogenic capacity as three other stem cells (S-spindle-shaped cells) | ||
| (iv) USSCs | (v) Enzyme activities of BMSCs and BFPSCs: better on PLLA-Bio and PLLA | ||
| (vi) Highest Ca deposition: PLLA-Bio | |||
| (vii) Greater intracellular concentration: BMSCs | |||
| (viii) Gene expression evaluation: highest expression of three bone-related genes: bioceramic-coated nanofibrous scaffolds |
SC-AdSC: subcutaneous adipose stem cell; BFPSCs: buccal fat pad stem cells; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; ALP: alkaline phosphate; Coll.: collagen; GAG: glycosaminoglycan; ECM: extracellular matrix; DFAT: dedifferentiated fat; OCN: osteocalcin; Ca: calcium; VWF: von Willebrand factor; S: small; L: large; PLLA: poly L-lactic acid; BMSCs: bone marrow stem cells; USSCs: unrestricted somatic stem cells.