Table 1.
Diversity in fibrin sealants and experimental design seen in the literature
| Trade name | Fibrinogen (mg/mL) | Thrombin (IU/mL) | Factor XIII (U/mL) | Aprotinin (KIU/mL) | Adjacent agent | Implantation site | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biocol® | 127 | 558 | 11 | 3,000 | Calcium carbonate granules and TGF-β | Parietal (rabbit) | 145 |
| Quixil® | 60–100 | 1,000 | None | Transexamic acid | Autologous bone graft | Alveolar bone (human) | 125 |
| Bolheal® | 80 | 250 | 75 | 1,000 | β-TCP and BMSc | Subcutaneous (rat) | 197 |
| Beriplast® | 65–115 | 400–600 | 40–80 | 1,000 | Allogenic periosteal cell and PLGA | Ulna (rabbit) | 104 |
| Tisseel® | 75–115 | 500 | 10–50 | 3,000 | MSCs/HA-coated titanium | Tibia (sheep) | 114 |
| Tisseel | 75–115 | 500 | 10–50 | 3,000 | Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic | Different locations (human) | 140 |
| Tisseel | 75–115 | 500 | 10–50 | 3,000 | Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic | Femur (rabbit) | 138 |
| Tisseel | 75–115 | 500 | 10–50 | 3,000 | MDSCs | Calvarium (mouse) | 171 |
| Greenplast® | 100 | 500 | 66 | 1,100 | Apatite-coated PLGA/HA particulates and BMP-2 | Calvarium (rat) | 169 |
| Bolseal® | 50–75 (porcine fibrinogen) | 400 | 10–70 | Gelatin/HA nanoparticles and (BMP-2) | Radial diaphysis (rabbit) | 36 | |
| Sigma | 200 | 100 | HA nanoparticles/BMP-2 | Calvarium (mouse) | 186 | ||
| Calbiochem | 20 | 2.5 | Apatite-coated PLGA microspheres | Calvarium (rat) | 198 | ||
| Single-donor human | Bovine thrombin (Merck®) | HA and HABGS | Intramuscular (mouse) | 19 | |||
| Autologous | Autologous | Tranexamic acid | Autogenous bone grafts | Maxillary sinus (dog) | 128 | ||
| Single-donor (rat origin) | Single-donor (rat origin) | Tranexamic acid | Osteogenic cells and BMP-2 | Subcutaneous of dorsum (mouse) | 199 |
Abbreviations: TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; β-TCP, β-tricalcium phosphate; PLGA, poly(lactide-co-glycolide); HA, hydroxyapatite; MDSC, muscle-derived stem cells; BMSC, bone marrow-derived stromal cell; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein 2; HABGS, Calcium phosphate calcium silicate system.