Table 2.
Frequency of pre-diagnostic NSAID use in relation to mortality in NIH-AARP and PLCO
| Aspirin
|
Non-aspirin NSAID
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Occasional | Daily | None | Occasional | Daily | |
| Prostate cancer-specific mortality | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| AARP | ||||||
| No. of deaths, n=709 | 161 | 332 | 216 | 374 | 286 | 49 |
| Model 1, HRs (95%CIs) a | ref | 0.94 (0.78, 1.14) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | ref | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) | 0.80 (0.59, 1.08) |
| Model 2, HRs (95%CIs) b | ref | 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) | ref | 0.84 (0.72, 0.98) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.05) |
| PLCO total | ||||||
| No. of deaths, n=266 | 122 | 68 | 76 | 202 | 40 | 24 |
| Model 1, HRs (95%CIs) c | ref | 1.15 (0.85, 1.55) | 0.99 (0.74, 1.32) | ref | 1.09 (0.77, 1.54) | 1.19 (0.78, 1.83) |
| Model 2, HRs (95%CIs) d | ref | 1.15 (0.85, 1.55) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.32) | ref | 1.02 (0.72, 1.44) | 1.07 (0.69, 1.65) |
|
| ||||||
| Pooled HRs (95%CIs) e | ref | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.17) | ref | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.10) |
|
| ||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| AARP | ||||||
| No. of deaths, n=3640 | 834 | 1534 | 1272 | 1850 | 1458 | 332 |
| Model 1, HRs (95%CIs) a | ref | 0.82 (0.76, 0.90) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) | ref | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.24) |
| Model 2, HRs (95%CIs) b | ref | 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.07) | ref | 0.90 (0.84, 0.96) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) |
| PLCO total | ||||||
| No. of deaths, n=1122 | 476 | 259 | 387 | 856 | 169 | 97 |
| Model 1, HRs (95%CIs) c | ref | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.40) | ref | 1.00 (0.84, 1.18) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.37) |
| Model 2, HRs (95%CIs) d | ref | 1.03 (0.89, 1.20) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.28) | ref | 1.00 (0.84, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.33) |
|
| ||||||
| Pooled HRs (95%CIs) e | ref | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | ref | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.14) |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference.
Model 1 used age as the time-metric, adjusted for Gleason score (<7 vs. ≥7), tumor stage (localized vs. regional/distant), and primary treatment (no curative treatment, prostatectomy, radiation only, hormone treatment only, radiation and hormone treatment, and other).
Model 2 additionally adjusted for race (non-Hispanic whites vs. other), marital status (married/cohabiting vs. other), history of cardiovascular disease (ever vs. never), history of diabetes (ever vs. never), BMI (<25, 25–29, and ≥30 kg/m2), smoking status (never, former & quit≥10 years, former & quit<10 years, and current & quit<1 year), history of prostate cancer screening (ever vs. never), and self-reported general health status (excellent/very good, good, and fair or poor).
Model 1 used age as the time-metric, adjusted for Gleason score (<7 vs. ≥7), tumor stage (localized vs. regional/distant), primary treatment (prostatectomy, radiation only, hormone treatment only, radiation and hormone treatment, and other), and trial arm (screening vs. standard of care).
Model 2 additionally adjusted for race (non-Hispanic whites vs. other), marital status (married/cohabiting vs. other), history of cardiovascular disease (ever vs. never), history of diabetes (ever vs. never), BMI (<25, 25–29, and ≥30 kg/m2), and smoking status (never, former & quit≥10 years, former & quit<10 years, and current & quit<1 year).
Pooled HRs and 95%CIs were computed using study-specific results from Model #2 in fixed-effects models.