Table 1.
Implicated agents of drug-induced liver injury
| Complementary and alternative medicines |
Prescription medications |
|---|---|
| Herbal medications (26) | Antimicrobials and antivirals (102) |
| Black cohosh (2) | Anti-tuberculin agents (37) |
| Eurycoma longifolia and oyster extract | Isoniazid (27) |
| Fenugreek | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14) |
| Herbalife cell activator | Nitrofurantoin (10) |
| Horny goat weed | Anti-retroviral therapy (7) |
| Kava kava | Penicillin or cephalosporin (7) |
| Ma huang | Antifungal agent (6) |
| Qat | Doxycycline (5) |
| Usnic acid | Neurologic medications (20) |
| Uva-ursi and buchu leaf | Phenytoin (7) |
| Valerian | Cholesterol lowering agents (11) |
| Multiple herbals (14) | Statin (8) |
| Dietary supplements (12) | Antithyroid agents (8) |
| C4 energy | Propylthiouracil (7) |
| Hydroxycut (2) | Chemotherapeutic agents (8) |
| Lipokinetix | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (8) |
| Oxyelite | Psychiatric medications (8) |
| Reumofan plus | Toxins (8) |
| Ripped fuel extreme | Disease modifying agents (7) |
| Rockstar energy drink | Sulfasalazine (4) |
| Slimquick | Thiazolidinediones (6) |
| Stacker 2 Fat Burner | Disulfiram (6) |
| Therma Slim | Cardiac agents (3) |
| Xtreme supplement | Halothanes (2) |
| Anabolic steroids (3) | Other agents (16) |