Table 2.

Demographics, comorbidities, and presenting symptoms

	n	CAM-induced liver injury	n	PM-induced liver injury	P value
Age, median	41	41.0	210	46.0	0.39
Sex (%)	41		210		0.41
Female		16 (39)		68 (32)
Male		25 (61)		142 (68)
Race (%)	41		210		0.16
Caucasian		27 (66)		136 (65)
African American		5 (12)		46 (22)
Asian		6 (15)		12 (6)
Other		3 (7)		16 (7)
Body mass index (BMI), median	37	29.6	171	28.6	0.69
Alcohol use in past 6 months (%)	12	6 (50)	42	11 (26)	0.16
Comorbidities (%) [IQR]	41		210
None		5 (12)		3 (1)	<0.01
Collagen/vascular disease		2 (5)		13 (6)	0.75
Chronic liver disease		1 (2)		9 (4)	0.58
Endocrine/diabetes		5 (12)		49 (23)	0.11
Psychiatric disease		2 (5)		44 (21)	0.02
Neurologic/seizure disease		2 (5)		26 (12)	0.16
Hypertension		7 (17)		51 (24)	0.32
Heart disease		2 (5)		22 (10)	0.27
Renal disease		0 (0)		12 (6)	0.12
Pulmonary disease		0 (0		27 (13)	0.02
Substance abuse		2 (5)		20 (10)	0.34
GI disease		3 (7)		31 (15)	0.20
HIV/AIDs		0 (0)		10 (5)	0.15
IDU at any time		1 (2)		6 (3)	0.88
Other		15 (37)		104 (50)	0.13
Median comorbidities		1.0 [0.0–1.0]		2.0 [1.0–3.0]	<0.01
Presenting symptoms (%) [IQR]	41a		210a
Nausea/Vomiting		33 (80)		135 (67)	0.19
Abdominal pain		21 (51)		117 (57)	0.77
Rash		5 (12)		46 (23)	0.10
Headache		9 (22)		41 (21)	0.95
Malaise		33 (80)		162 (79)	0.90
Fever		12 (29)		65 (32)	0.88
Joint pains		3 (7)		36 (18)	0.16
Jaundice		37 (95)		183 (94)	0.90
Onset of jaundice, days		11.0 [4.0–19.0]		10.5 [5.0–22]	0.63

CAM, complementary and alternative medicine; GI, gastrointestinal; IDU, intravenous drug use; IQR, interquartile range; PM, prescription medication.

^aIncomplete data on all patients. Sample size ranges for subset of data: CAM n=37–41 and PM n=182–210.