Figure 1.

Patient-specific pharmacotherapy using iPSC-CMs. Conventionally, clinicians rely on patients’ medical histories, clinical examinations, and test results to choose the presumed appropriate treatment plans. This is an imperfect approach as patients may experience potentially serious side effects because important relevant genetic information specific to individual patients is not considered beforehand. By contrast, an iPSC-based model is expected to enable patient-specific disease modeling, pathogenesis study, and drug screenings of some candidate drugs on patient-specific iPSC-differentiated cells. This makes possible mechanism studies and more accurate predictions of individual patients’ responses to different drugs. A working iPSC model could greatly optimize treatment plans with the patient-specific pharmacotherapy