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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2017 Aug;158(8):1461–1472. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000930

Figure 4.

Figure 4

FMRI brainstem response to Respiratory-gated Auricular Vagal Afferent Nerve Stimulation (RAVANS). Activation found in the left nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) when contrasting RAVANS vs SHAM stimulation overlayed on (A) MNI-space template and (B) group-averaged functional images rotated for consistency with (C) the Duvernoy brainstem atlas. Right panel of (A) shows the level of the axial slice in green (Obex+18 mm) and sagittal and coronal views of NTS activation. *z-coordinates refer to MNI space results and not the particular image visualized.